Zoo Siab
Raws li lawv cov acidity, cov tshuaj tau muab cais rau hauv kua qaub, alkaline lub nruab nrab. Acidity yog ntsuas hauv pH, uas sawv rau qhov muaj peev xwm hydrogen. Ib qho tshuaj nruab nrab muaj pH ntawm 7.
Cov tshuaj uas nws pH tsawg dua 7, yog cov kua qaub. Cov qib acidity siab tshaj plaws yog pH 0. Cov kua qaub txhais tau tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev them nyiaj hydrogen ions ntau dua li qhov tsis zoo them nyiaj hydroxyl ions (hydrogen thiab oxygen).
Acids yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm:
- Qab qaub
- Redden lub litmus ntawv
- Ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo nrog calcium carbonate
- Lawv hnov mob nrog qee yam hlau xws li zinc lossis hlau.
- Lawv neutralize hauv paus
- Hauv cov dej aqueous lawv pab txhawb kev hla hluav taws xob
- Lawv ua xeb rau cov ntaub so ntswg lom xws li tawv nqaij
- Dissolve cov tshuaj
Cov uas muaj pH ntau dua 7, yog cov tshuaj alkaline. Cov qib alkalinity siab tshaj plaws yog pH 14. Alkalinity txhais tau tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov tsis zoo them nyiaj hydroxyl ions (hydrogen thiab oxygen) ntau dua li ntawm qhov zoo them hydrogen ions. Alkalines, tseem hu ua hauv paus, yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm:
- Bitter saj
- Pobzeb litmus ntawv
- Lawv tsis zoo rau qhov kov
- Cov tshuaj uas tau yaj los ntawm cov kua qaub nag
- Hauv kev daws cov dej lawv kuj pab txhawb kev hla hluav taws xob
- Dhuav cov rog thiab leej faj
- Lawv neutralize acids
Piv txwv ntawm cov tshuaj nruab nrab
- Mis: mis nyuj yog cov khoom nruab nrab (pH 6.5). Txawm li cas los xij, thaum nws cuam tshuam nrog kua txiv hauv plab nws dhau los ua cov kua qaub, yog li, tsis sib xws rau qhov uas feem ntau ntseeg, nws tsis pom zoo kom haus nws thaum raug kev kub siab.
- Dej ntws: cov kais dej lossis cov kais dej yuav tsum yog cov khoom nruab nrab. Txawm li cas los xij, dej tuaj yeem ua tau ionized, txhais tau tias nws cov hydrogen ions (tau them zoo) tuaj yeem nce ntxiv los ntawm kev ua kua qaub.
- Dej ntxhia nrog gas: Cov zaub mov thiab roj hauv cov fwj dej tsis hloov pauv pH ntawm cov dej fwj kom zoo.
- Dej ntxhia tsis muaj roj
- Ua kua xab npum: daim tawv nqaij yog cov kua qaub nruab nrab (pH 5.5 kwv yees) thaum cov xab npum muaj pH ntau dua 8. Cov kua xab npum yog cov khoom siv hluavtaws uas cov kua qaub tau ntxiv kom ua tiav qhov nruab nrab pH. Glycerin xab npum tau hais tias "nruab nrab" vim tias nws muaj pH zoo ib yam rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij, tab sis kev siv tshuaj lom neeg nws yog cov kua qaub, txij li nws cov pH tsawg dua 7.
- Cov xab npum ntxhua khaub ncaws: xab npum nruab nrab tsis txhoj puab heev rau cov ntaub dua li cov xab npum.
- Ntshav: nruab nrab ntawm 7.3 thiab 7.4
- Qaub ncaug: ntawm 6.5 thiab 7.4
