Zoo Siab
Covcov hydrides Lawv yog cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke uas sib xyaw hydrogen atoms hauv lawv cov molecule (nws lub xeev oxidation, feem ntau, -1) thiab atoms ntawm lwm yam hauv lub sijhawm teev tseg.
Peb pawg hydrides raug lees paub:
- Nws yog xim hlau xim: Lawv yog cov uas tau tsim nrog alkaline thiab alkaline-ntiaj teb cov ntsiab lus, uas yog, nrog cov uas txuas ntxiv mus rau sab laug ntawm lub sijhawm ntu ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Lawv yog cov sib txuas uas tsis hloov pauv uas ua rau pom muaj qhov ua tau zoo. Hydrogen muaj nyob hauv lawv li hydride ion H¯. Hauv pab pawg no nws tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm cov dej uas tsim cov hlau ntau tshaj plaws (los ntawm pab pawg 1 thiab 2); cov hydrides no feem ntau hu ua saline hydrides. Saline hydrides feem ntau yog cov dawb los yog grey uas tau los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ncaj qha ntawm cov hlau nrog hydrogen ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
- Cov dej tsis haum lossis tsis yog xim hlau hydrides:lawv yog cov uas tau tsim nrog cov khoom uas tsis yog xim hlau tab sis tsawg electronegative, tshwj xeeb, nrog nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, boron, carbon thiab silicon: tag nrho cov no tau txais cov npe tshwj xeeb, dhau ntawm cov npe tshwj xeeb; lawv yog cov hlau lossis hlau los ntawm p block. Lawv kuj tuaj yeem raug hu ua molecular lossis covalent hydrides, vim tias lawv muaj covalent bonds. Lawv tsim cov zaub mov ntawm yam tshwj xeeb. Silane, hydride hauv pab pawg no, tau nce kev txaus siab rau nws tus nqi hauv kev tsim cov nanoparticles.
- Hydrogen cov ntsiab lus:(tseem hu ua hydracids yooj yim) sib raug zoo sib xws ntawm hydrogen nrog halogen (fluorine, chlorine, bromine lossis iodine) lossis nrog cov tshuaj antigenic (oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium); tsuas yog hauv rooj plaub tom kawg ua hydrogen ua nrog nws tus lej oxidation zoo (+1) thiab lwm lub ntsiab lus yog ib qho uas ua haujlwm nrog tus lej oxidation tsis zoo (-1 hauv halogens, -2 hauv amphogens).
Piv txwv ntawm hydrides
- Sodium hydride (NaH) hmoov
- Phosphine (PH3)
- Barium hydride (BaH2) hmoov
- Bismutin (Bi2S3)
- Cov tshuaj permanganic hydride (MnH7)
- Ammonia (NH3)
- Arsine (AsH3)
- Stibinite los yog antimonite
- Hydrobromic acid (HBr)
- Borano (HWV 3)
- Methane (CH4)
- Silane (Sib)
- Hydrofluoric acid (HF)
- Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
- Ferrous hydride (FeH3)
- Hydroiodic acid (HI)
- Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
- Selenhydric acid (H2Se)
- Tellurhydric acid (H2Te)
- Lithium hydride (LiH)
Kev siv hydrides
Ntawm kev siv hydrides peb tuaj yeem hais txog cov no desiccants thiab reducers, qee qhov siv los ua ntshiab hydrogen qhov chaw.
Calcium hydride tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li organic hnyav kom qhuav tus neeg sawv cev. Sodium hydride xav tau kev saib xyuas zoo hauv kev tuav, vim nws ua rau dej hnyav thiab tuaj yeem ua rau tawg.
Yog tias qhov hluav taws kub tshwm sim vim qhov hluav taws xob ntawm cov hydride no, tsis txhob siv dej los tua nws, vim nws yuav yuav tsim hluav taws ntau dua. Cov hluav taws no raug tua nrog hmoov tua hluav taws.
