Zoo Siab
- Igneous pob zeb
- Piv txwv ntawm cov nplaim taws
- Sedimentary pob zeb
- Piv txwv ntawm cov pob zeb sedimentary
- Metamorphic pob zeb
- Piv txwv ntawm cov pob zeb metamorphic
Cov pob zeb yog kev koom tes ntawm ib lossis ntau dua cov zaub mov. Lawv yog tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem geological. Pob zeb tau hloov pauv tas li los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg sawv cev sib txawv, xws li dej lossis cua, thiab los ntawm kev muaj sia nyob.
Cov pob zeb Lawv tau cais raws li lawv lub zog:
Igneous pob zeb
Cov cov nplaim taws yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm ua kom khov ntawm magma. Magma yog cov pob zeb uas tau yaj, uas yog, nws muaj qee yam kua. Magma muaj ob qho tib si cov ntxhia thiab cov roj cua tsis haum thiab cov roj yaj.
Igneous pob zeb tuaj yeem cuam tshuam lossis nthuav tawm:
- Cov cuam tshuam pob zeb, tseem hu ua plutonics, yog qhov muaj ntau tshaj plaws thiab tsim qhov tob tshaj plaws ntawm lub ntiaj teb daim av.
- Cov extrusive pob zeb, tseem hu ua volcanic, tau tsim los ntawm kev txias ntawm lava ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb.
Piv txwv ntawm cov nplaim taws
- Granite (plutonic): txho lossis xim liab liab. Ua los ntawm quartz, potassium feldspar thiab mica.
- Porphyry (plutonic): xim liab tsaus. Ua los ntawm feldspar thiab quartz.
- Gabbro (plutonic): ntxhib hauv kev ntxhib los mos. Nws yog tsim los ntawm calcium plagioclase, pyroxene, olivine, hornblende, thiab hypersthene.
- Syenite (plutonic): nws txawv ntawm granite vim nws tsis muaj quartz. Muaj feldspar, oligoclases, albite, thiab lwm yam zaub mov.
- Greenstone (plutonic): nruab nrab hauv kev sib xyaw: ob feem peb plagioclase thiab ib feem peb ntawm cov zaub mov tsaus.
- Peridotite (plutonic): tsaus xim thiab ntom ntom. Ua ke yuav luag tag nrho ntawm pyroxene.
- Tonalite (plutonic): muaj li ntawm quartz, plagioclase, hornblende, thiab biotite.
- Basalt (roob hluav taws): xim tsaus, muaj cov tshuaj magnesium thiab hlau silicates, ntxiv rau cov ntsiab lus silica qis.
- Andesite (roob hluav taws): tsaus lossis nruab nrab grey hauv xim. Ua los ntawm plagioclase thiab ferromagnesic cov zaub mov.
- Rhyolite (roob hluav taws) xim av, txho lossis xim liab. Tsim los ntawm quartz thiab potassium feldspar.
- Dacite (roob hluav taws): muaj cov ntsiab lus hlau siab, nws tau tsim los ntawm plagioclase feldspar.
- Trachyte (roob hluav taws): muaj cov poov tshuaj feldspar thiab plagioclase, biotite, pyroxene thiab hornblende.
Sedimentary pob zeb
Cov sedimentary pob zeb Lawv tau tsim los ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm lwm cov pob zeb uas tau muaj yav dhau los. Txoj hauv kev no, cov nyiaj seem tau tsim uas tuaj yeem nyob hauv tib qhov chaw uas lawv tau los lossis raug thauj los ntawm dej, cua, dej khov lossis dej hiav txwv.
Sedimentary pob zeb yog tsim los ntawm diagenesis (compaction, cementing) ntawm cov av. Cov dej sib txawv sib txawv tsim cov strata, uas yog, txheej tsim los ntawm kev tso nyiaj.
Piv txwv ntawm cov pob zeb sedimentary
- Qhov sib txawv: detrital sedimentary pob zeb, ua los ntawm cov pob zeb pob zeb tawg tawg loj dua 2 mm. Cov khoom tawg no tau koom nrog los ntawm cov cement ntuj.
- Pob zeb: Detrital sedimentary pob zeb, ntawm cov xim sib txawv, muaj clasts qhov loj ntawm cov xuab zeb.
- Shale: detrital sedimentary pob zeb. Ua los ntawm cov khib nyiab clastic, hauv qhov me me ntawm av nplaum thiab av av.
- Loam: ua los ntawm calcite thiab av nplaum. Nws feem ntau yog xim dawb.
- Limestone: feem ntau ntawm cov calcium carbonate. Nws tuaj yeem yog xim dawb, dub lossis xim av.
Metamorphic pob zeb
Cov Metamorphic pob zeb yog cov uas tau tsim los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm lub pob zeb yav dhau los uas tau ua rau muaj zog ib puag ncig sib txawv los ntawm nws kev tsim (piv txwv li, txias dua lossis kub dua, lossis los ntawm kev hloov pauv siab).
Metamorphism tuaj yeem ua tiav lossis rov qab los. Kev hloov pauv hloov pauv tau tshwm sim thaum lub pob zeb raug rau qhov kub siab lossis siab dua, tab sis tsis muaj nws yaj.
Kev hloov pauv hloov pauv tau tshwm sim thaum pob zeb uas hloov pauv ntawm qhov tob tob (qhov twg muaj qhov siab dua thiab cua sov) thiab thaum nce mus txog saum npoo tsis ruaj khov thiab hloov pauv.
Piv txwv ntawm cov pob zeb metamorphic
- Marble: compact metamorphic rock uas hloov pauv los ntawm cov pob zeb limestone raug rau qhov kub thiab txias. Nws cov khoom tseem ceeb yog calcium carbonate.
- Gneiss: muaj li ntawm quartz, feldspar thiab mica. Nws muaj pes tsawg leeg zoo ib yam li granite tab sis nws tsim cov txheej sib hloov ntawm lub teeb thiab cov zaub mov tsaus.
- Quartzite: tawv metamorphic rattan nrog cov ntsiab lus siab quartz.
- Amphibolite: pom cov pob zeb qub tshaj plaws.
- Granulites: tsim los ntawm txheej txheem kub. Whitish nyob rau hauv cov xim, nrog garnet inlays. Lawv pom nyob ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv.
