Zoo Siab
Cov kua qaub tau suav tias yog ib qho sib xyaw uas, thaum sib cais hauv cov kua aqueous, tso hydrogen ions (H+) thiab reacts nrog dej molecules los tsim hydronium ions (H3LOS YOG+). Cov kua qaub tau tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm oxide thiab dej, thiab raws li qhov tsim nyog qhov kev daws teeb meem tau txais cov kua qaub pH, uas yog, qis dua 7.
Hauv paus, ntawm qhov tod tes, tau tsim los ntawm cov sib txuas uas nyob rau hauv cov kua aqueous tso hydroxyl ions (OH '') thiab ua rau pH ntawm cov tshuaj tov ntau dua pH 7.
Keeb Kwm
Txoj hauv kev ntawm kev txiav txim siab cov kua qaub thiab cov hauv paus yog qhov qub tshaj plaws thiab yog ib feem ntawm txoj kev tshawb xav Arrhenius, uas yog hnub tim rau xyoo pua puas xyoo. Qee xyoo tom qab, Brönsted thiab Lowry txhais cov kua qaub ua cov tshuaj uas tuaj yeem tso tawm cov tshuaj proton (H+) thiab cov hauv paus xws li cov uas tuaj yeem lees txais proton (H+) muab los ntawm cov kua qaub. Twb tau nkag mus rau lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, Lewis txiav txim siab tias cov kua qaub yog cov khoom muaj peev xwm sib koom lossis lees txais ib khub ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thaum lub hauv paus tuaj yeem sib faib lossis muab ob lub tshuab hluav taws xob.
Yam ntxwv
Cov kua qaub feem ntau yog qaub thiab corrosive; cov hauv paus tseem muaj xeb, nrog cov ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab thiab kov cov xab npum. Qhov nyiam ntawm cov kua qaub kom sib cais thiab qis dua pH feem ntau hu ua "acid zog." Yog piv txwv ntawm muaj zog cov kua qaub perchloric, sulfuric, hydroiodic, hydrobromic, hydrochloric thiab nitric.
Ib yam li ntawd, lawv tuaj yeem suav tias yog muaj zog hauv paus potassium, sodium, lithium thiab magnesium hydroxide. Acetic, citric, thiab benzoic acids, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog cov kua qaub tsis muaj zog; ammonia yog lub hauv paus tsis muaj zog.
Cov ntsev ua li cas?
Cov koj tawm mus yog ionic sib txuas ntawm qhov sib txawv sib txawv, muaj ntau nyob rau hauv qhov thiab tau tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov kua qaub nrog cov hauv paus, tsim kom tso dej tawm. Cov ntsev tuaj yeem yog nruab nrab, acidic lossis yooj yim. Yav dhau los, txhua qhov hydrogen atoms hauv cov kua qaub tau hloov los ntawm a hlau cation. Cov kua ntsev, ntawm qhov tod tes, txuag ib lossis ntau hydrogen atoms.
Nyob rau hauv lem, ntsev yuav ua tau ob lossis triple yog tias lawv muaj ntau dua ib qho cation lossis ntau dua ib qho anion. Piv txwv li, calcium potassium fluoride yog ob npaug ntsev nruab nrab (CaKF3), vim nws muaj ob qhov cations sib txawv. Thaum kawg, nws tsim nyog hais txog cov ntsev yooj yim, uas tsawg kawg ib qho anion yog hydroxide anion, xws li, piv txwv li, hauv tooj liab chloride trihydroxide (Cu2Cl (OH) cov3).
Ntawm qhov tod tes, lawv paub tias yog ternary ntsev lossis qib siab rau cov uas tau txais los ntawm kev sib txuas cov hlau nrog cov radical, xws li sulfate, carbonate lossis dichromate, thiab raws li quaternary ammonium ntsev rau cov uas nyob hauv txhua qhov hydrogen atoms ntawm ammonium tau hloov los ntawm radicals, zoo li hauv tetramethylammonium chloride .
Kev faib tawm thiab qhov tseem ceeb
Cov cov kua qaub Lawv yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev lag luam thiab xwm txheej. Piv txwv li, hydrochloric acid yog ib feem ntawm peb cov txheej txheem zom zaub mov thiab tsim nyog rau peb txhawm rau zom cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig muaj nyob hauv cov zaub mov. Deoxyribonucleic acid, paub zoo dua li DNA, ua rau cov chromosomes, uas yog qhov chaw cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm uas tsim nyog rau cov khoom muaj sia nyob kom sib npaug thiab txhim kho tau nkag los. Boric acid yog ib feem tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam iav.
Cov calcium carbonate Nws yog ntsev ntau heev hauv ntau hom pob zeb limestone. Los ntawm kev ua kom sov siab (900 ° C), calcium carbonate tau txais calcium oxide lossis nrawm. Ntxiv cov dej mus rau cov dej sai ua cov calcium hydroxide, hu ua slaked lime, uas yog lub hauv paus. Cov ntaub ntawv no yog siv hauv kev tsim kho.
