Phonemes

Zoo Siab

• Cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus xov tooj
• Hom phonemes
• Hom ntawm cov ntawv xov tooj
• Hom vowel phonemes
• Consonant phonemes
• Vowel phonemes

A xov tooj Nws yog chav tsawg kawg ntawm kev hais tawm uas nws lub suab tuaj yeem yog vowel lossis consonant. Kev koom ua ke lossis sib koom ua ke ntawm lub suab ua cov morphemes. Piv txwv li: / ib /, / g /.

Txhua tsab ntawv yog phoneme uas, nyeg, tau sau ntawm graphemes, uas yog, kab pheeb ces kaum uas muab ib tsab ntawv. Piv txwv li: / b /.

Kev sib xyaw ntawm cov phonemes no yuav ua rau morphemes (cov ntsiab lus yam tsawg kawg nkaus). Cov no, nyeg, yuav ua lo lus.

phoneme + phoneme = morpheme

morpheme + morpheme = lo lus

• Saib kuj: Morphemes thiab lexemes

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus xov tooj

• Nws yog indivisible.
• Nws tsis muaj lub ntsiab lus ntawm nws tus kheej.
• Nws tuaj yeem teb rau cov graphemes sib txawv. Piv txwv, grapheme / B / suav nrog lub suab lus B, V, v thiab b.

Hom phonemes

• Consonantal phonemes. Lawv yog cov ntawv sib txuas, uas xav tau tsab ntawv hais tawm suab (vowel) rau kev piav qhia ntawm morphemes. Lawv yog cov phonemes consonant: / B /, / C /, / D /, / F /, / G /, / H /, / J /, / K /, / L /, / M /, / N /, / Ñ /, / P /, /Q /, /R /, /S /, /T /, /V /, /W /, /X /, /Y /, /Z /.
• Vowel phonemes. Lawv yog cov tsiaj ntawv vowel, uas tuaj yeem siv sib cais lossis nrog cov ntawv sau ua ke los tsim cov morphemes. Lawv yog vowel phonemes: /A E I O U/.

Hom ntawm cov ntawv xov tooj

Raws li txoj haujlwm ntawm lub nruab nrog cev ntawm lub qhov ncauj

• Bilabial. Ob daim di ncauj kov. Piv txwv li: / p /, / b /, / m /.
• Labiodental. Daim di ncauj qis tau kov nrog cov hniav sab saud ntawm lub qhov ncauj. Piv txwv li: /F/ua.
• Kev kho hniav. Tus nplaig nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov hniav. Piv txwv li: / z /, / c /.
• Hniav. Qhov no tus nplaig nyob tom qab cov hniav sab saud. Piv txwv li: / t /, / d /.
• Alveolar. Tus nplaig yuav tsum nyob ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm cov hniav sab saud. Piv txwv li: / s /, / l /, / r /, / rr /, / n /.
• Palatal. Tus nplaig tsoo lub palate. Piv txwv li: / ch /, / ll /, / ñ /, / y /.
• Kom ntseeg tau. Tus nplaig yuav tsum muab tso rau ntawm lub qhov ncauj mos. Piv txwv li: / k /, / g /, / j /.

Raws li hom kev hais tawm

• Ua tsis taus pa. Lub qhov ncauj tuav ib ntus lossis kaw tag nrho. Piv txwv li: / p /, / t /, / k /, / b /, / d /, / g /
• Fricative. Cov cua nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov ncauj thiab hla skimming, ua lub suab. Piv txwv li: / f /, / z /, / j /, / y /, / s /
• Kev nyab xeeb. Lub suab yog tsim los ntawm occlusion thiab tom qab ntawd kev sib txhuam tshwm sim. Piv txwv li: / ch /
• Sab. Cov cua nkag thiab txhuam ob sab ntawm kab noj hniav ntawm lub qhov ncauj. Piv txwv li: / l /, / ib /
• Vibrant. Huab cua nkag mus thiab ua rau muaj kev co me me ntawm qhov taub ntawm tus nplaig thaum nws dhau mus. Piv txwv li: / rr /, / r /
• Qhov ntswg. Nws tshwm sim thaum ib feem ntawm huab cua tawm los ntawm lub qhov ntswg. Piv txwv li: / m /, / n /, / ñ /

Raws li lub suab lawv tsim

• Lag ntseg. Tsis muaj kev co ntawm cov suab nrov. Piv txwv li: / p /, / t /, / ch /, / k /, / z /, / s /, / j /, / f /
• Sonorous. Lub suab yog tsim los ntawm kev co ntawm cov suab nrov. Piv txwv li: / b /, / d /, / g /, / y /, / m /, / n /, / ñ /, / l /, / ll /, / r /, / rr /

Hom vowel phonemes

Raws li qhov taw qhia ntawm kev hais tawm

• Thaj tsam thaj tsam. Piv txwv li: / e /, / kuv /
• Cheeb tsam cheeb tsam. Piv txwv li: /rau/
• Tom qab cheeb tsam. Piv txwv li: / o /, / ua /

Raws li hom kev hais tawm

• Qhib. Piv txwv li: /rau/
• Ib nrab qhib. Piv txwv li: / e /, / lossis /
• Kaw. Piv txwv li: / i /, / ua /

Consonant phonemes

Raws li nws cov articulation:

• ZOO SIAB

1. Mraumá
2. Pyuam kev
3. Patin ib
4. Pelota
5. Mtsev neeg
6. Bua ote
7. Buque ua

• LABIODENTAL

1. Fua tiav
2. Fnyiaj txiag
3. Fnyob rau hauv
4. Fabula

• Sab hauv

1. Crau hauv
2. Ztuav
3. Cenizas
4. Zkub

• Hniav

1. Diav
2. Tren ua
3. Dua edal
4. Doncella
5. Tranvía
6. Transportthiab

• ALVEOLAR

1. NLub Ib Hlis
2. Pyuam kev
3. Sol ua
4. La
5. Lua agarrau
6. Rkhi
7. Nio ua
8. Natal ua

• PALATAL

1. THIABua ugo
2. Chile ib
3. Chuleta
4. Lltxiv hmab
5. THIABerba

• YUAV TSUM MUAJ

1. Gua ía
2. Kilogram duab
3. Gkhi
4. Gsiv
5. Jirafa
6. Jmus

Raws li hom kev hais tawm

• OCCLUSIVE

1. Pea ua
2. Blos yogdua ega
3. Draudlos yog
4. Duquesa
5. Dib ona
6. tkuv tawg

• FRICATIVE

1. Silla ua
2. Sillon
3. Zua tsaug
4. Jabali

• YOOJ YIM

1. Chocolate
2. Chqhov tseeb
3. Cuchrau
4. CuchAron

• SIV

1. Llhlub
2. Lkub
3. Lqhov chaw
4. Llyaj

• VIBRANT

1. Rua uta
2. Puerta ua
3. Pebrkoj
4. Rhlub
5. TOrr uaua
6. Rua

• NASAL

1. Ñraunduo ua
2. Ñlus
3. Mrauñraunrau
4. Mraunrauntial

Vowel phonemes

Raws li qhov taw qhia ntawm kev hais tawm

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