Zoo Siab
Covhydroxides tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm a hlau oxide (tseem hu ua yooj yim oxides) thiab dej. Ua li no, kev sib xyaw ntawm hydroxides tau muab los ntawm peb lub ntsiab lus: oxygen, hydrogen thiab hlau hauv cov lus nug. Ua ke, cov hlau ib txwm ua raws li cation thiab cov pab pawg hydroxide ua raws li anion.
Hydroxides feem ntau qhia txog tus yam ntxwv, xws li muaj qhov iab iab xws li xab npum, ua kom nplua rau qhov kov, ua xeb, muaj qee yam tshuaj ntxhua khaub ncaws thiab xab npum, ua kom cov roj thiab sulfur, thiab ua rau cov kua qaub tsim cov ntsev.
Ntawm qhov tod tes, qee tus yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb rau txhua hom hydroxide, xws li sodium, uas nqus tau cov pa roj carbon dioxide thiab dej sai; tias cov calcium uas tau txais hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm calcium oxide nrog dej; lossis hlau (II) uas yog siv tsis tau hauv dej.
Lawv siv rau dab tsi?
Cov ntawv thov hydroxides kuj sib txawv ntawm cov xwm txheej sib txawv:
- Cov sodium hydroxide, piv txwv li, cuam tshuam nrog kev lag luam ntawm xab npum thiab kev zoo nkauj thiab khoom tu lub cev.
- Cov calcium hydroxideRau nws ib feem, nws muaj lub luag haujlwm nruab nrab hauv qee cov txheej txheem xws li tau txais sodium carbonate.
- Cov lithium hydroxide hmoov Nws tau siv hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj pleev ib ce, thaum magnesium siv los ua tshuaj antacid lossis laxative.
- Cov hlau hydroxide Lawv siv nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm fertilizing cov nroj tsuag.
Cov cim npe
Raws li rau ntau qhov kev sib xyaw tshuaj, muaj ntau lub npe sib txawv rau hydroxides:
- Cov tsoos nomenclature, piv txwv li, nws yog ib qho uas pib nrog lo lus hydroxide tom qab lub ntsiab lus tab sis coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov muaj txiaj ntsig uas nws ua: thaum nws nrog ib qho valence qhov xaus 'ico' yuav siv, thaum lawv nrog ob nws yuav yog tus uas muaj qhov siab tshaj qhov xaus "dais" thiab ib qho nrog qhov me me xaus nrog 'ico', thiab thaum nws ua haujlwm nrog peb lossis plaub qhov txiaj ntsig, pib 'hiccup' lossis 'per' kuj tseem yuav ntxiv raws li qhov xwm txheej ua.
- Cov Cov npe khoom lag luam yog ib qho uas siv lo lus hydroxide, tab sis hloov pauv nrog ib lo lus, nws siv cov lus piav qhia 'ntawm' thiab tom qab ntawd cov hlau, tso cov cim hauv kab lus.
- Cov systematic nomenclature nws yog ib qho uas ua ntej cov lej ua ntej rau lo lus hydroxide.
Piv txwv ntawm hydroxides
- Lead (II) hydroxide, Pb (OH)2, ua dihydroxide.
- Platinum (IV) hydroxide, Pt (OH)4, platinum quadhydroxide.
- Vanadic hydroxide, V (OH)4, vanadium tetrahydroxide.
- Ferrous hydroxide, Fe (OH)2, hlau dihydroxide.
- Lead (IV) hydroxide, Pb (OH) 4, lead tetrahydroxide.
- Silver hydroxide, AgOH, silver hydroxide.
- Cobalt Hydroxide, Co (OH)2, cobalt dihydroxide.
- Manganese hydroxide, Mn (OH)3, manganese trihydroxide.
- Ferric hydroxide, Fe (OH)3, hlau trihydroxide.
- Cupric hydroxide, Cu (OH)2, tooj liab dihydroxide.
- Aluminium hydroxide, Al (OH)3, aluminium trihydroxide.
- Sodium hydroxide, NaOH, sodium hydroxide.
- Strontium hydroxide, Sr (OH)2, strontium dihydroxide.
- Magnesium hydroxide, Mg (OH)2, magnesium dihydroxide.
- Ammonium hydroxide, NH4OH, ammonium hydroxide.
- Cadmium hydroxide, Cd (OH)2, cadmium dihydroxide.
- Vanadic hydroxide, V (OH)3, vanadium trihydroxide.
- Mercuric hydroxide, Hg (OH)2, mercury dihydroxide.
- Cuprous hydroxide, CuOH, tooj liab hydroxide.
- Lithium hydroxide, LiOH, lithium hydroxide.
Qee zaum, hydroxides muaj ntau lub npe muab los ntawm lawv cov kev siv yooj yim dua, xws li sodium hydroxide uas tseem hu ua caustic soda, potassium hydroxide uas hu ua caustic potash, calcium hydroxide uas yog hu ua kua dej los yog kua qaub, thiab magnesium hu ua mis nyuj magnesia.
- Ua raws nrog: Piv txwv ntawm hydroxides (piav qhia)
