40 Piv txwv ntawm Cov Tshuaj thiab Cov Tshuaj Inorganic - Phau Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev

Cov organic thiab inorganic sib xyaw - Phau Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev

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Piv txwv ntawm cov organic sib txuas
Piv txwv ntawm inorganic sib txuas

Cov tshuaj lom neeg sib txuas yog cov tshuaj ua los ntawm ob lossis ntau dua ntsiab sib cuam tshuam nrog ib leeg, yog li ua rau nce mus rau qhov tshiab thiab sib txawv ntawm cov khoom. Raws li hom atoms uas tsim cov tshuaj sib xyaw no, peb tuaj yeem tham txog cov organic thiab inorganic sib txuas:

Yog npe cov organic sib txuas cov uas muaj feem ntau cov pa roj carbon thiab hydrogen atoms, hauv kev sib txheeb thiab sib xyaw nrog lwm cov ntsiab lus. Sab hnub tuaj hom sib xyaw muaj covalent bonds (nruab nrab ntawm cov hlau tsis yog xim hlau) ntawm ob peb lub ntsiab lus (los ntawm ob txog tsib) thiab lawv yog qhov nyuaj heev, muaj nyob ib puag ncig 10 lab sib xyaw ntawm hom no. Lawv ua rau kom muaj txoj sia thiab raug zais los ntawm kev muaj sia nyob.

Cov inorganic sib txuas, ntawm qhov tod tes, lawv feem ntau tsis muaj cov pa roj carbon atoms, lossis hydrogen-carbon bonds (ib txwm muaj hydrocarbons), thiab lawv cov atoms tuaj yeem txuas los ntawm ionic daim ntawv cog lus (xim hlau thiab tsis yog xim hlau atom) lossis covalent. Yog tshuaj tuaj yeem muaj ntau lub ntsiab lus los ntawm ib qhov chaw ntawm lub rooj sijhawm thiab yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo.

Piv txwv ntawm cov organic sib txuas

Methanol (TSO₃OH). Paub tias yog ntoo lossis methyl cawv, cawv yooj yim tshaj plaws yog.
Propanone (C.₃H₆LOS YOG). Cov kuab tshuaj acetone ntau, nplaim hluav taws thiab pob tshab, nrog cov yam ntxwv ntxhiab tsw.
Acetylene (C.₂H₂). Kuj tseem hu ua ethyne, nws yog cov roj alkyne sib zog dua huab cua thiab tsis muaj xim, ua rau kub hnyiab heev.
Ethyl ethanoate (CH₃-COO -C₂H₅). Kuj tseem hu ua ethyl acetate lossis vinegar ether, siv los ua hnyav.
Formol (UA₂0). Siv los ua tus khaws cia ntawm cov teeb meem tshuaj lom neeg (piv txwv, cov neeg tuag), nws kuj tseem hu ua methanal lossis formaldehyde.
Glycerin (cov₃H₈LOS YOG₃). Glycerol lossis propanetriol, yog cov khoom lag luam nruab nrab ntawm fermentation cawv thiab zom zaub mov ntawm lipid.
Cov piam thaj (C.₆H₁₂LOS YOG₆). Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm lub zog hauv kev muaj sia nyob yog monosaccharide qab zib.
Ethanol (cov₂H₆LOS YOG). Ethyl cawv, tam sim no hauv cov dej cawv cawv, tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsis sib xws ntawm cov piam thaj nrog cov poov xab.
Isopropanol (C.₃H₈LOS YOG). Isopropyl cawv, isomer ntawm propanol, dhau los ua acetone thaum oxidation.
Acetylsalicylic acid (C.₉H₈LOS YOG₄). Cov nquag ua haujlwm ntawm tshuaj aspirin: ua kom loog, antipyretic, tiv thaiv mob.
Sucrose (cov₁₂H₂₂LOS YOG₁₁). Qhov feem ntau ntawm cov carbohydrates: rooj qab zib.
Fructose (C.₆H₁₂LOS YOG₆). Txiv hmab txiv ntoo qab zib tswj hwm isomeric kev sib raug zoo nrog cov piam thaj.
Cellulose (cov₆H₁₀LOS YOG₅). Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov tsiaj txhu, nws ua haujlwm raws li cov qauv hauv cov phab ntsa ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab ua lub zog cia.
Nitroglycerin (C.₃H₅N₃LOS YOG₉). Lub zog tawg, nws tau los ntawm kev sib xyaw cov kua nitric acid, sulfuric acid thiab glycerin.
Lactic acid (C.₃H₆LOS YOG₃). Qhov tsis tseem ceeb hauv kev ua kom muaj zog ntawm tib neeg lub cev nyob rau lub ntsej muag ntawm cov pa oxygen tsawg, tsim cov piam thaj los ntawm lactic fermentation.
Benzocaine (C.₉H₁₁TSIS YOG₂). Siv los ua tshuaj loog hauv zos, txawm hais tias nws siv rau menyuam mos muaj qhov cuam tshuam thib ob ntawm kev muaj tshuaj lom hnyav.
Lidocaine (C.₁₄H₂₂N₂LOS YOG). Lwm qhov tshuaj loog, dav siv hauv kev kho hniav thiab ua tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
Lactose (cov₁₂H₂₂LOS YOG₁₁). Tsim los ntawm galactose thiab piam thaj, nws yog suab thaj uas muab tsiaj mis rau nws lub zog thauj khoom.
Cocaine (Cov₁₇H₂₁TSIS YOG₄). Lub zog alkaloid muab tau los ntawm tsob ntoo coca thiab sib xyaw los tsim cov tshuaj tsis raug cai ntawm tib lub npe.
Ascorbic acid (C.₆H₈LOS YOG₆). Kuj tseem paub tias yog qhov tseem ceeb vitamin C ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo.

Nws tuaj yeem pab koj: Piv txwv ntawm Organic Wastes

Piv txwv ntawm inorganic sib txuas

Sodium Chloride (NaCl). Cov ntsev ntau ntawm peb kev noj haus.
Hydrochloric acid (HCl). Ib qho muaj zog tshaj plaws cov kua qaub paub, nws yog ib qho ntawm cov zais los ntawm lub plab txhawm rau zom zaub mov.
Phosphoric acid (H.₃PO₄). Cov dej ua kua qaub, tiv taus oxidation, evaporation thiab txo qis, siv hauv kev lag luam dej haus.
Sulfuric acid (H.₂SW₄). Ib qho ntawm cov tshuaj corrosives loj tshaj plaws, nws tau siv dav hauv ntau hom kev lag luam thiab tau tsim tawm ntau hauv ntiaj teb.
Potassium iodide (KI). Cov ntsev no tau siv dav hauv kev yees duab thiab kho hluav taws xob.
Potassium dichromate (K₂Cr₂LOS YOG₇). Txiv kab ntxwv ntsev, oxidizing heev, muaj peev xwm ua rau hluav taws kub thaum nyob hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov tshuaj organic.
Nyiaj chloride (AgCl). Siv dav hauv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thiab hauv lub chaw soj nstuam, vim nws cov dej nyob hauv cov dej tau qis heev, nws yog cov khoom siv lead ua.
Ammonia (NH)₃). Kuj tseem hu ua azano lossis ammonium roj, nws yog cov roj uas tsis muaj xim nplua nuj hauv nitrogen nrog cov ntxhiab tsw tshwj xeeb.
Cuprous sulfate (Cu₂SW₄). Cov ntsev tsis haum, siv los ua tshuaj tua kab mob thiab xim rau cov hlau.
Silicon oxide (SiO₂). Feem ntau hu ua silica, nws tsim cov quartz thiab opal, thiab yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom xyaw ntawm cov xuab zeb.
Hlau sulfate (FeSO₄). Kuj hu ua ntsuab vitriol, melanterite lossis ntsuab caparrosa, nws yog xiav-ntsuab ntsev siv ua cov xim thiab ua kho rau qee yam anemias.
Calcium Carbonate (CaCO₃). Ntev siv los ua antacid thiab hauv cov iav thiab cov lag luam ua lag luam, nws yog cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo nyob hauv qhov, xws li pob zeb lossis zoo li lub plhaub thiab exoskeletons ntawm qee yam tsiaj.
Txiv qaub (CaO). Nws yog calcium oxide hauv ib qho ntawm nws cov ntawv, dav siv hauv kev tsim cov khoom sib xyaw ua cov ntawv nplaum.
Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃). Tam sim no hauv cov tshuaj tua hluav taws lossis hauv ntau cov khoom noj thiab tshuaj, nws muaj pH alkaline heev.
Potassium hydroxide (KOH). Potassium soda, siv hauv kev tsim cov xab npum thiab lwm yam kuab tshuaj.
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) hmoov. Hu ua caustic soda lossis caustic soda, nws tau siv hauv daim ntawv, ntaub thiab xab npum thiab cov tshuab ua kom dej ntws tawm.
Ammonium nitrate (NH₄TSIS YOG₃). Muaj zog ua liaj ua teb.
Cobalt Silicate (CoSiO₃). Siv hauv kev tsim cov xim (xws li xiav cobalt).
Magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄). Epsom ntsev los yog lus Askiv ntsev, thaum ntxiv dej. Nws muaj ntau yam kev siv kho mob, tshwj xeeb yog cov leeg, lossis raws li cov ntsev da dej.
Barium chloride (BaCl₂). Cov ntsev lom heev siv hauv cov xim, kho cov hlau, thiab foob pob hluav taws.