Fermentation

Zoo Siab

• Hom kev fermentation
• Piv txwv Fermentation

Cov fermentation Nws yog txheej txheem catabolic nqa tawm los ntawm qee cov kab mob los ntawm qhov uas lawv tau txais lub zog los ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov sib txuas. Nws yog txheej txheem oxidation tsis tiav.

Kev fermentation yog txheej txheem anaerobic, vim nws tau ua tiav yam tsis muaj cov pa oxygen. Nws tau nqa tawm hauv qee lub hlwb ntawm cov neeg muaj sia nyob thiab hauv cov kab mob xws li cov poov xab thiab kab mob. Cov kab mob no tau txais lub zog los ntawm kev rhuav tshem cov organic molecules, xws li hmoov txhuv nplej siab lossis qab zib, ua rau cov organic yooj yim dua. Piv txwv li: Cov poov xab ua cov piam thaj hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab hloov lawv mus rau cawv hauv kev tsim cov cawv.

Cov txheej txheem fermentation tau pom los ntawm Fab Kis kws tshuaj lom neeg, Louis Pasteur uas tau tshaj tawm tias fermentation yog txheej txheem ntuj tsim los ntawm kev tsim cov kab mob me me. Qhov fermentation no tshwm sim ib txwm muaj, txawm hais tias hauv kev lag luam fermentation tuaj yeem ua oxidative, uas yog, thaum muaj oxygen.

Muaj ntau hom kev fermentation uas tsim ntau yam zaub mov thiab dej haus uas tib neeg haus. Piv txwv li: npias, cawv, yogurt, kua ntses. Ntau cov kua qaub tau txais los ntawm kev fermentation yog cov uas tso cai khaws cia cov zaub mov ntev dua (yam tsis tau poob nws cov txiaj ntsig thiab yam ntxwv).

• Nws tuaj yeem pab koj: Anabolism thiab catabolism

Hom kev fermentation

• Cawv cawv. Ib hom fermentation uas cov poov xab hloov pauv qabzib, sucrose, thiab fructose rau hauv ethanol. Hauv cov txheej txheem no, cov kab mob me me tau txais lub zog thiab pov tseg cawv thiab carbon dioxide. Txoj kev fermentation no yog siv hauv kev tsim cov dej cawv uas muaj cawv xws li cawv, cawv thiab npias.
• Acetic fermentation. Hom fermentation uas xav tau oxygen. Hauv qhov fermentation no, cov kab mob hloov pauv ethyl cawv rau hauv acetic acid. Cov kua qaub no tau siv los tsim cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
• Butyric fermentation. Hom kev anaerobic fermentation. Hauv qhov fermentation no, carbohydrates tau hloov pauv mus rau hauv butyric acid los ntawm kev ua ntawm cov kab mob. Nws yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm nws tsis hnov ​​tsw.
• Lactic fermentation. Ib hom anaerobic fermentation uas cov kab mob tau txais lub zog los ntawm kev zom cov suab thaj thiab hloov pauv mus rau hauv lactic acid. Nws kuj tshwm sim hauv qee cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm cov tsiaj tsiaj xws li nqaij nqaij. Hom kev fermentation no yog siv los khaws zaub mov.
• Butanediol fermentation. Ib hom fermentation nqa los ntawm cov kab mob uas tsim butanediol acid.
• Propionic fermentation. Ib hom anaerobic fermentation nqa los ntawm cov kab mob. Lawv ua ke cov suab thaj thiab tau txais propionic acid.

Piv txwv Fermentation

1. Ua cawv. Nws yog ib hom cawv cawv. Hauv winemaking, cov suab thaj tam sim no nyob rau hauv yuav tsum (kua txiv kab ntxwv) tau hloov pauv mus ua cawv los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov poov xab tam sim no hauv cov txiv hmab. Cov pa roj carbon dioxide kuj tseem tsim tawm.
2. Kev npaj ntawm yogurt. Nws yog hom lactic fermentation. Hauv kev tsim cov kua mis nyeem qaub, mis (feem ntau yog nyuj) yog fermented. Cov kab mob siv lactose ua lub zog uas tau tso tawm hauv daim ntawv ntawm lactic acid.
3. Kev npaj ntawm sauerkraut. Hauv kev tsim cov sauerkraut, cov kab mob tsim cov lactic acid los ntawm lactic fermentation. Cov kab mob haus cov piam thaj hauv cov zaub qhwv thiab tsim cov kua mis lactic, ethanol, thiab carbon dioxide.
4. Ua mov ci. Hauv kev ua mov ci, cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab hauv cov hmoov hloov pauv, los ntawm cov poov xab, ua cov piam thaj. Cov pa roj carbon dioxide tseem tsim lub luag haujlwm los ua mov ci.
5. Kev npaj cov kua ntses. Hauv kev tsim cov kua ntses, taum pauv tau rhaub nrog cov nplej toasted. Qhov kev ua ntawm cov kab mob ua rau muaj lactic acid fermentation, cawv cawv thiab ua kom cov organic acid fermentation.
6. Cheese ua. Nws yog hom lactic fermentation. Hauv kev ua cheese, cov kab mob tsim cov kua qaub los ntawm lactose.
7. Brewing. Nws yog ib hom cawv cawv. Hauv kev ua brewing, cov poov xab hloov cov suab thaj hauv barley wort rau hauv cawv.
8. Kev npaj ntawm masato. Nws yog ib hom cawv cawv. Nws tau los ntawm cov qos yaj ywm, txhuv lossis pob kws. Poov xab tau siv los hloov cov piam thaj rau hauv cawv.
9. Kev tsim kho cov cawv txiv hmab. Rice caw yog tau los ntawm fermenting txhuv. Fermentation muaj ob theem. Thawj zaug, cov hmoov txhuv nplej hauv cov nplej tau hloov pauv mus ua piam thaj (los ntawm cov kab mob; hauv qhov thib ob, qab zib hloov pauv mus ua cawv.
10. Kev npaj ntawm vinegar. Hauv kev ua kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, cov kab mob ferment cov cawv ethyl hauv cawv, hloov pauv mus rau hauv cov kua qaub.

• Ua raws nrog: Cov organic thiab inorganic sib txuas