Predicate

Zoo Siab

• Modifiers tam sim no hauv qhov kwv yees
• Hom tsiaj txhu
• Piv txwv ntawm cov lus hais ua piv txwv yooj yim
• Piv txwv ntawm cov lus hais ua piv txwv
• Piv txwv ntawm lub npe noun nonverbal predicate
• Piv txwv ntawm adjective noun nonverbal predicate
• Piv txwv ntawm cov khoom siv tsis yog lus hais ua ntej
• Piv txwv ntawm adverbial nonverbal predicate
• Piv txwv ntawm verboidal nonverbal predicate

Cov qauv kab lus grammatical ntawm kab lus feem ntau muab faib ua cov ncauj lus thiab ua piv txwv. Kev kwv yees yog tus qauv ntawm kab lus uas piav qhia qhov kev ua uas tus kawm ua thiab, los piav qhia qhov kev nqis tes ua, nws yuav tsum muaj cov lus qhia.

Piv txwv li:

• Juan khiav.
• Lawv lawv tuaj txog ua ntej.
• Maria yog zoo nkauj.

Kev hais lus tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kwv yees feem ntau yog cov lus qhia (lossis ntau dua) uas qhia txog kev ua tseem ceeb. Cov lus qhia no yuav tsum sib koom ua ke nrog tus lej ntawm cov ntsiab lus.

Txawm hais tias qhov ua piv txwv feem ntau tso tom qab cov ncauj lus hauv kab lus, nws qee zaum ua ntej nws. Piv txwv li: Juan khiav.

Thaum kab lus nthuav qhia cov ntsiab lus tacit, tag nrho cov qauv kab lus yuav raug piav qhia, txij li cov ncauj lus yuav nkag siab tab sis tsis hais tawm. Piv txwv: Cia peb ua si. ("Cia peb ua si" yog Kev Hais Lus Yooj Yim Yooj Yim / "Peb" yog Qhov Tsis Paub Hais Lus).

Modifiers tam sim no hauv qhov kwv yees

Cov lus qhia ntawm kab lus tuaj yeem muaj cov qauv hauv qab no uas hloov nws lossis nthuav nws cov ntaub ntawv:

• Circumstantial. Muab cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog xwm txheej uas yuav ua qhov kev nqis tes ua. Piv txwv li: Maria nyeem hlub. 
• Cov khoom ncaj. Nws yog lub hauv paus uas tau txais kev nqis tes ua ntawm cov lus qhia ncaj qha. Piv txwv li: Maria nyeem cov phau ntawv tshiab. (Nyeem lawv)
• Tsis ncaj ncees lawm kwv. Nws yog tus tau txais kev nqis tes ua uas nthuav tawm cov lus qhia thiab tau qhia los ntawm "a" lossis "para”. Piv txwv li: Maria nyeem phau ntawv tshiabrau cov me nyuam.
• Tus neeg saib xyuas plugin. Nws muaj tam sim no hauv kab lus tsis nkag siab thiab tau qhia nrog preposition "por". Piv txwv li: Cov phau ntawv tau nyeem los ntawm Maria.
• Regimen ntxiv. Nws tshwm sim hauv qhov xwm txheej uas qhov kev hais qhia xav tau preposition (vam khom, suav rau, hais kom). Piv txwv li: Maria hais ntxiv hauv kev nyeem cov phau ntawv.
• Predicative. Thaum qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev kwv yees yog qhov sib piv lossis cov lus qhia ua piv txwv ('ser', 'estar', 'tseem nyob', 'zoo ib yam'), nws lub luag haujlwm yog txhawm rau txuas, yuav tsum muaj qhov ua piv txwv lossis tus cwj pwm. Piv txwv li: Juana yog zoo nkauj.

Hom tsiaj txhu

Hais lus predicate. Nws yog tsim los ntawm ib lossis ntau qhov lus qhia:

• Yooj yim. Nws tsuas muaj ib qho lus qhia. Piv txwv li: U.S. peb tuaj txog ua ntej.
• Sib xyaw. Nws muaj ntau dua ib qho lus qhia uas sib haum rau tib lub ncauj lus. Piv txwv li: U.S. peb tuaj txog thiab zaum ua ntej.

Tsis-hais lus predicate. Nws tsis qhia cov lus qhia. Yuav yog:

• Nominal. Raws li hom lus uas ua rau lub nucleus, nws tuaj yeem yog lub npe (Ex.Zaj yeeb yaj kiab, tawm.), los yog nom tswv adjective (xws li.Zoo nkauj, thaum sawv ntxov).
• Adverbial. Lawv muaj adverb raws li lawv cov keeb kwm. Piv txwv li: Qhov tawm, nyob ntawd. 
• Lub hom phiaj. Cov lus qhia hloov pauv raug tshem tawm. Piv txwv li: ¿Ntshai, kuv? (Nrog cov lus qhia nws yuav yog: Ntshai, kuv thov txim?
• Verboidal. Lawv muaj cov lus qhia raws li lawv cov keeb kwm. Nws tuaj yeem yog peb hom: infinitive (Ex.Koj, contradict kuv?), koom nrog (Ex.Cov neeg nyob, npau taws), thiab gerund (Ex.Tebchaws Asmeskas, ua hauj lwm).

Ob qhov kwv yees thiab cov ncauj lus yuav tsis tshwm nyob hauv kab lus thaum nws los txog rau ib kab lus.

• Nws tuaj yeem pab koj: Ntsiab lus

Piv txwv ntawm cov lus hais ua piv txwv yooj yim

1. Tus menyuam khiav ncig lub xwmfab.
2. Cov menyuam kawm ntawv lawv kawm zaj lus qhia.
3. George yog kws lij choj.
4. Koj tsis rov kawm dua.
5. Peb yuav mus so thoob plaws Europe.
6. Niam pog sab laug lub tv txhua hmo.
7. Txais tos koj cov txheeb ze.
8. Tawm los ntawm txoj kev loj.
9. Tus neeg ua txhaum nws raug ntes teev tom qab.
10. Kev muag khoom siv rooj tog.

Piv txwv ntawm cov lus hais ua piv txwv

1. Daniel nws tsis nco qab lub thawv rau khaub ncaws ntawm tshav dav hlau thiab khiav kom tau nwsrau.
2. Peb paub txog cov ncauj lus thiab peb yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. (Tacit subject: peb)
3. Txhua hmo peb kawm thiab xyaum. (Tacit subject: peb)
4. Juana paub nws xav tau dab tsi thiab tawm tsam kom tau nws.
5. Cov kav dej lawv dej nyab thiab pib npog.
6. Cov me nyuam lawv ua si thiab khiav txhua hnub.
7. Lawv pom txoj kev kho thiab lawv tab tom yuav siv nws. (Cov ntsiab lus tsis tau hais tawm: lawv)
8. Kuv nyiam hu nkauj thiab kuv tau xyaum ntau yam los txhim kho. (Cov ncauj lus tsis hais: kuv)
9. Sawv daws lawv nug kuv thiab tos kuv qhia lawv tias leej twg yeej qhov kev sib tw.
10. Tswjlawv tsis tau qhia lawv tus kheej lossis xa xov rau lawv cov neeg ua haujlwm.

Piv txwv ntawm lub npe noun nonverbal predicate

1. Tsev khaws puav pheej, ib tug xav tsis thoob.
2. Hais lus, ib daim ntawv.
3. Cov neeg, horde aimless.
4. Kub, siab.
5. Tus kws kos duab tshiab, kev nrhiav pom.

Piv txwv ntawm adjective noun nonverbal predicate

1. Zoo nkauj, thaum sawv ntxov.
2. Nws txhais tes, muag muag.
3. Peb niam thiab txiv, txaus siab.
4. Hluas, txuj ci.
5. Cov mloog, ncaj ncees.

Piv txwv ntawm cov khoom siv tsis yog lus hais ua ntej

1. Tebchaws Asmeskas, lub tsev tshiab?
2. Koj, kev txaus siab?
3. Kev tsim txom, rau cov yeej.
4. Daisies, rau npua.
5. Ntshai, kuv?

Piv txwv ntawm adverbial nonverbal predicate

1. Tib txoj kev, ib si.
2. Ntawm no, peb nyob qhov twg.
3. Tub, Ceev!
4. Ceev, txhua lub qhov rooj kaw.
5. Muaj zog, cua daj cua dub.

Piv txwv ntawm verboidal nonverbal predicate

1. Tub, ib txwm ua si. (Gerund)
2. Hmo ntuj, qhia meej me ntsis. (Gerund)
3. Hli, paug out. (Gerund)
4. Cim, qhia qhov kawg. (Gerund)
5. Tus kws kos duab, tsim. (Gerund)
6. Qhov niaj zaus ua taug kev thiab taug kev. (Infinitive)
7. Tus kws kho mob cov lus qhia, haus dej ntau thiab so. (Infinitive)
8. Khiav txhua tag kis, nws txoj kev xav. (Infinitive)
9. Tsev khaws puav pheej, ib txwm saib xyuas zoo. (Ib feem)
10. Qhov rooj, qhib dav. (Ib feem)

Nws tuaj yeem ua haujlwm rau koj: Cov ntsiab lus thiab cov lus piav qhia