Cov cov colloids yog Homogeneous sib tovZoo li kev daws teeb meem, tab sis qhov xwm txheej no ntawm qhov ntsuas me me, cov khoom ntawm ib lossis ntau yam tshuaj yog qhov sib txawv, qhov sib faib lossis tsis tu ncua, uas tau faib rau lwm yam khoom uas hu ua kev faib tawm lossis ntu tas mus li.
Lo lus colloid tau qhia los ntawm Scottish chemist Thomas Graham hauv 1861 thiab tau muab los ntawm Greek keeb kwm kolas li (κoλλα), uas txhais tau tias "uas ua raws"Los yog"tsis txaus ntseeg", Qhov no cuam tshuam nrog cov cuab yeej ntawm hom tshuaj no kom tsis txhob hla dhau cov lim dej ib txwm muaj.
Hauv cov colloids, cov ntsiab lus hauv cov theem tawg tau loj txaus kom tawg lub teeb (cov txiaj ntsig kho qhov muag hu ua Tyndall effect), tab sis tsis me me li ua rau nag thiab sib cais. Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov txiaj ntsig kho qhov muag no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm paub qhov txawv colloid los ntawm kev daws teeb meem lossis daws teeb meem. Colloid hais muaj txoj kab nruab nrab ntawm 1 nanometer thiab micrometer; tias cov kev daws teeb meem me dua 1 nanometer.Cov sib sau ua ke ua cov colloids hu ua micelles.
Lub xeev lub cev ntawm colloid tau piav qhia los ntawm lub cev lub cev ntawm theem kev sib cais, uas tuaj yeem ua kua, ua tau lossis muaj roj; theem tawg kuj tuaj yeem sib haum rau ib ntawm peb hom no, txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv cov pa roj carbon colloids qhov no ib txwm muaj kua lossis ua kom khov.
Cov tshuaj Colloidal yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov khoom lag luam muaj ntau ntawm kev siv thiab siv ntau heev, xws li xim tsev, yas, tshuaj tua kab rau kev ua liaj ua teb, inks, cement, xab npum, roj nplua nyeem, xab npum, nplaum thiab ntau yam khoom noj khoom haus. Cov colloids muaj nyob hauv cov av ua rau nws khaws cov dej thiab cov as -ham.
Hauv tshuaj, colloids lossis plasma expanders tau tswj hwm kom nthuav dav cov leeg hauv lub cev rau lub sijhawm ntev dua li tau ua tiav los ntawm kev siv cov crystalloids.
Colloids tuaj yeem yog hydrophilic los yog hydrophobic. Surfactants xws li xab npum (ntsev ntawm cov saw ntev fatty acids) lossis cov xab npum lawv tsim kev koom tes colloids, tso cai rau kev ruaj ntseg ntawm hydrophobic colloids.
Thaum pom qhov sib txawv tuaj yeem ua tau ntawm theem sib faib thiab qhov nruab nrab tawg, nws hu ua colloid yooj yim. Muaj lwm qhov nyuaj dua colloids, xws li reticular colloidal systems, nyob rau hauv uas ob theem tau tsim los ntawm kev sib txuas sib txuas (cov iav sib xyaw thiab ntau cov gel thiab cream yog ntawm hom no), thiab yog li hu ua ntau colloids, nyob rau hauv uas qhov nruab nrab dispersing coexists nrog ob lossis ntau qhov kev faib ua ntu, uas tau faib ua ntu. Nees nkaum piv txwv ntawm colloids tau muab hauv qab no:
- Mis nyuj haus
- Mis
- Cov xim pleev xim
- Ua Npuas Ncauj
- Jelly
- Pos huab
- Haus luam yeeb
- Montmorillonite thiab lwm yam av nplaum silicate
- Cov khoom siv organic
- Bovine pob txha mos
- Albumin derivatives
- Ntshav
- Dextrans
- Hydroethyl hmoov txhuv nplej siab
- Cov pob txha
- Pos huab
- Detergents
- Silica gel
- Titanium oxide hmoov
- Ruby
