Tshuaj tua kab mob (thiab lawv yog dab tsi rau)

Zoo Siab

• Piv txwv tshuaj tua kab mob thiab lawv siv

Cov tshuaj tua kab mob Lawv yog ib tug hom tshuaj lom neeg muab los ntawm cov tsiaj txhu los yog cov khoom siv dag siv coj los ua ke, nws cov khoom tseem ceeb yog ntawm tiv thaiv kev loj hlob thiab kis ntawm qee yam kab mob microorganisms rhiab rau nws cov mis.

Cov tshuaj tua kab mob Lawv tau siv hauv kev kho mob ntawm tib neeg, tsiaj txhu thiab nroj tsuag tiv thaiv kev kis tus kab mob los ntawm keeb kwm, yog vim li cas lawv tseem raug hu ua tshuaj tua kab mob.

Hais lus dav, tus tshuaj tua kab mob ua haujlwm zoo ib yam tshuaj kho mob, uas yog, dej nyab lub cev nrog cov tshuaj muaj teeb meem rau lub neej ntawm tes, uas yog kab mob kab mob los yog tus neeg ntxeem tau yog rhiab ntau dua li hlwb ua siab zoo

Qhov rhiab heev ntawm hais kab mob nws tau cuam tshuam los ntawm kev siv cov tshuaj tua kab mob sib cais, txhawb kev tiv thaiv kab mob rau lawv. Vim li no, cov neeg tiam tshiab uas muaj zog dua lossis ntau yam tshuaj tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau muab coj los ua ke.

Piv txwv tshuaj tua kab mob thiab lawv siv

• Penicillin. Tau los ntawm cov kab mob penicillium los ntawm Enerst Duchesne hauv xyoo 1897 thiab tau pom zoo los ntawm Alexander Fleming, nws yog thawj qhov ua tau zoo thiab siv tshuaj tua kab mob ntau. Yog li ntawd, ntau hom kab mob tau tiv taus nws, tab sis nws tseem siv tau tiv thaiv kab mob pneumococci, streptococci thiab staphylococci, nrog rau ntau yam kev kis mob hauv plab, ntshav, pob txha, pob qij txha thiab meninges. Muaj cov neeg mob ua xua rau nws cov mis uas tsis tuaj yeem kho nrog nws.
• Arsphenamine. Thawj qhov tshuaj tua kab mob kom zoo, vim nws tau siv ua ntej penicillin tiv thaiv kab mob syphilis. Tau txais los ntawm arsenic, nws tau raug sim ntau zaus txog thaum nws tsis muaj tshuaj lom rau tus neeg mob, txawm hais tias muaj ntau ntau nws tseem ua rau tuag taus. Nws tau txav chaw los ntawm penicillin, uas muaj kev nyab xeeb dua thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua.
• Erythromycin. Thawj cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm pab pawg macrolides, uas yog, muaj cov kab mob lactone molecular rings, tau tshawb pom xyoo 1952 los ntawm cov kab mob ntawm cov av Philippine. Nws yog qhov zoo heev tiv thaiv gram cov kab mob zoo ntawm txoj hnyuv thiab ua pa, nrog rau Chlamydia thaum cev xeeb tub, tab sis nws muaj kev phiv tsis zoo.
• Kanamycin. Ntawm kev txwv kev siv vim nws muaj tshuaj lom ntau, Kanamycin tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tiv thaiv kab mob ntsws, mob qog noj ntshav, mob ntshav qab zib, mob septicemia, mob ntsws, mob actinobacillosis thiab tshwj xeeb yog cov kab mob tiv taus erythromycin. Nws tau siv, nrog rau lwm cov tshuaj tua kab mob, raws li kev npaj ua haujlwm rau txoj hnyuv.
• Amikacin. Los ntawm pab pawg ntawm aminoglycosides, nws ua haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem kab mob ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm protein ntau, tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev tsim lawv cov xov tooj ntawm tes. Nws yog ib qho ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tiv thaiv kab mob tiv taus rau nws pab pawg thiab tau siv rau mob hnyav sepsis, lossis tiv thaiv kab mob gram-negative uas txaus ntshai heev.
• Clarithromycin. Tsim los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb Nyij Pooj xyoo 1970, thaum lawv tab tom nrhiav tus qauv ntawm erythromycin nrog tsawg dua kev phiv, nws nquag siv rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij, lub mis thiab kab mob ua pa, nrog rau cov neeg mob HIV los daws nrog Mycobacterium avium.
• Azithromycin. Tau txais los ntawm erythromycin thiab nrog rau ib nrab-lub neej ntev, nws tau muab tshuaj ib zaug ib hnub. Ua tau zoo tiv thaiv kab mob ntsws, mob ntsws, thiab sib deev los yog kab mob tso zis, nrog rau kev kis mob rau menyuam yaus.
• Ciprofloxacin. Lub ntsej muag dav, nws ncaj qha tawm tsam cov kab mob DNA, tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev tsim dua tshiab. Ua tau zoo tiv thaiv cov npe kab mob ntev, nws feem ntau yog khaws cia rau tshuaj tua kab mob xwm txheej ceev, vim nws muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab nrawm, tab sis nws yog cov pab pawg tiv thaiv kab mob ntau tshaj ntawm txhua yam: fluoroquinolones.
• Cefadroxil. Los ntawm pab pawg ntawm thawj tiam, dav-spectrum cephalosporins, cov tshuaj tua kab mob no muaj feem cuam tshuam rau kev kis kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij (qhov txhab, kub hnyiab), cov kab mob ua pa, cov pob txha, cov nqaij mos thiab cov kab mob genitourinary.
• Loracarbef. Qhia nyob rau hauv cov mob otitis, sinusitis, mob ntsws, pharyngitis lossis tonsillitis, tab sis kuj tseem rau cov kab mob tso zis, cov tshuaj tua kab mob no yog cov tshuaj cephalosporins thib ob, koom nrog chav kawm tshiab: carbacephem.
• Vancomycin. Los ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm glycopeptides, nws yog ib txwm zais los ntawm qee cov kab mob nocardial. Nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tiv thaiv kab mob gram zoo, tsis zoo, kab mob thiab tau siv dav, txawm hais tias muaj ntau hom kab mob ib txwm tiv taus cov tshuaj.
• Amoxicillin. Nws yog cov khoom siv los ntawm penicillin, nrog rau lub ntsej muag dav, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev kho mob ntawm kev ua pa thiab tawv nqaij thiab ntau yam kab mob, uas yog vim li cas nws thiaj li nquag siv hauv tib neeg thiab tshuaj kho tsiaj.
• Ampicillin. Kuj tau los ntawm penicillin, nws tau siv ntau heev txij li xyoo 1961 tiv thaiv meningococci thiab listerias, ntxiv rau pneumococci thiab streptococci, tab sis tshwj xeeb tshaj yog enterococci.
• Aztreonam. Ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws keeb kwm, nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tab sis nqaim heev: aerobic gram-negative bacteria. Nws yog qhov hloov pauv zoo hauv cov neeg mob ua xua rau penicillin, tsuav yog lawv tsim nyog.
• Bacitracin. Nws lub npe los ntawm tus ntxhais los ntawm nws tibia cov kab mob los ntawm qhov nws tau muab coj los ua ke tau muab rho tawm: Tracy. Nws daim ntawv thov yog tawv nqaij thiab sab nraud, vim nws muaj teeb meem rau ob lub raum, tab sis nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tiv thaiv kab mob gram-positive hauv qhov txhab thiab mucous membrane. Nws yog ib qho ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob feem ntau lav rau pom cov kab mob virulent thiab tiv taus kab mob.
• Doxycycline. Nws yog tetracyclines, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tiv thaiv kab mob gram zoo thiab tsis zoo, thiab feem ntau siv tiv thaiv kab mob ntsws, pob txuv, mob syphilis, Kab mob Lyme thiab malaria.
• Clofazimine. Synthesized nyob rau xyoo 1954 tiv thaiv tuberculosis, tiv thaiv uas nws tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, thiab nws tau dhau los ua ib tus neeg tseem ceeb tiv thaiv kab mob ruas.
• Pyrazinamide. Ua ke nrog lwm cov tshuaj, nws yog kev kho mob loj rau tuberculosis.
• Sulfadiazine. Feem ntau tau sau tseg tiv thaiv kab mob tso zis, nrog rau toxoplasmosis, nws yog qhov siv tau zoo raws li nws nthuav tawm cov kev mob tshwm sim xws li kiv taub hau, xeev siab, raws plab thiab tsis nco qab.
• Colistin. Ua tau zoo tiv thaiv txhua gram tsis zoo bacilli thiab tawm tsam cov kab mob polyresistant xws li Pseudomonas aeruginosa los yog Acinetobacter, hloov pauv qhov permeability ntawm lawv cov cell membrane. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tuaj yeem muaj cov teebmeem neuro thiab nephrotoxic.