Zoo Siab
Cov cov alkenes yog cov sib txuas uas muaj cov pa roj carbon-carbon ob npaug, teb rau cov qauv molecular CnH2 n: nqi; Inorganic alkenes tseem hu ua olefins thiab sib raug rau pawg hydrocarbons unsaturated aliphatics, tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim roj av.
Muaj cov saw luv, nruab nrab lossis ntev; kuj tseem muaj cyclic alkenes lossis cycloalkenes thiab tseem muaj alkenes nyob hauv cov organic sib txuas.
Covalkenes, cov muaj cov pa roj carbon-carbon ob npaug, muaj hydrogens tsawg dua li alkane nrog cov lej sib npaug ntawm cov pa roj carbon atoms. Txoj hauj lwm ntawm ob daim ntawv cog lus tau qhia los ntawm kev nkag ua ntej cov ntawv txuas ntxiv "-ib"Cov ntawv Latin ua ntej uas qhia tus lej ntawm cov pa roj carbon uas pib ua ob daim ntawv cog lus (tetra, penta, octa, thiab lwm yam); cov neeg hloov pauv (feem ntau yog tshuaj chlorine, bromine, ethyl, methyl, thiab lwm yam) muaj npe ua ntej (thaum pib ntawm lub npe), ntxaws ntxaws thiab ua kom raug.
Nco tseg: Muab cov npe tshuaj lom neeg tau tsim raws li IUPAC cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem ua tau, ntau yam organic alkenes muaj cov npe zoo nkauj, feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog lawv cov khoom siv ntuj tsim.
Cov cov alkenes txog plaub carbons yog cov nkev ntawm chav sov, cov uas muaj 4 txog 18 carbons yog kua thiab ntev tshaj yog khoom. Lawv tau yaj nyob rau hauv cov kuab tshuaj organic xws li ether lossis cawv, thiab muaj me ntsis ntom ntau dua li cov alkanes sib xws, txawm hais tias lawv muaj qis dua melting point thiab boiling point. Vim tias qhov nro tau tsim los ntawm kev sib khi ob zaug, qhov deb ntawm carbon atoms yog 1.34 angstroms hauv alkene, thiab 1.50 angstroms hauv cov alkane sib xws.
Lawv nthuav qhia a ntau dua reactivity dua alkanes, qhov tseeb vim tias nws muaj cov nyiaj ob npaug, uas tuaj yeem tsoo thiab tso cai ntxiv lwm yam atoms, feem ntau hydrogen lossis halogens. Lawv kuj tuaj yeem ntsib oxidation thiab polymerization. Alkenes feem ntau muaj cis-trans isomerism lossis stereoisomerism, txij li cov pa roj carbon sib txuas los ntawm ob daim ntawv cog lus tsis tuaj yeem tig thiab qhov no ua rau lub dav hlau sib txawv. Alkenes nrog ob daim ntawv cog lus ob npaug hu ua dienes, thiab cov uas muaj ntau dua ob daim ntawv cog lus feem ntau hu ua polyenes.
Ntawm cog ntiaj teb alkenes muaj ntau heev thiab muaj lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub cev, xws li kev tswj hwm cov txheej txheem cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo los yog ua kom pom ntawm qee lub hnub ci tawg. Cov qauv tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov organic alkenes feem ntau nyuaj heev thiab suav nrog cov saw hlau thiab cov nplhaib. Qee cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo xws li carrots lossis txiv lws suav, thiab qee cov crustaceans xws li roob ris, tsim cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm beta carotene, ib qho tseem ceeb alkene uas yog lub hauv paus ntawm vitamin A.
Piv txwv ntawm alkenes
| Ethylene los yog ethene | 2-methyl propene hmoov |
| Cov roj (cholesterol) | 5,6-dimethyl-3-propyl-heptene |
| Butadiene | cycloocta-1,3,5,7-tetraene |
| Lycopene | tetrafluoroethylene |
| Geraniol | 5-bromo-3-methyl-3-hexene |
| Limonene | Rhodopsin |
| Mycenae | Propene los yog propylene |
| Butene | 7,7,8-trimethyl-3,5-nonadiene |
| Lanosterol | 3,3 diethyl-1,4-hexadiene |
| Camphor | Mentofuran |
Nws tuaj yeem pab koj:
- Piv txwv ntawm Alkanes
- Piv txwv ntawm Hydrocarbons
- Piv txwv ntawm Alkynes
