Zoo Siab
A gel yog lub xeev cov teeb meem ntawm khoom thiab kua. Nws yog cov tshuaj colloidal (sib xyaw). Ntawd yog, nws yog a sib tov uas yog tsim los ntawm ob lossis ntau theem (ntu ntu tau piav qhia hauv qab no). Feem ntau nws qhov loj me nce ntxiv thaum nws cuam tshuam nrog dej.
Muaj ntau hom gels sib txawv, nyob rau hauv uas nws tau siv ntau dua hauv cov tshuaj, (tshwj xeeb yog siv tawv nqaij). Txawm li cas los xij, cov kua nplaum kuj tseem siv rau cov khoom muaj ntxhiab, khoom noj, pleev xim thiab nplaum.
Cov txheej txheem uas tsim cov kua nplaum hu ua gelation.
Cov theem ntawm cov gel
Cov gel muaj ob theem; a txuas ntxiv mus uas yog feem ntau khoom thiab ib dispersed theem uas yog feem ntau kua. Txawm hais tias theem ob no yog kua, cov gel muaj qhov sib xws ntawm cov khoom ntau dua li cov kua.
Piv txwv ntawm cov gel feem ntau yog jelly. Muaj peb tuaj yeem soj ntsuam qhov txuas ntxiv mus (gelatin hauv granules lossis hmoov) thiab dispersed theem (gelatin tov nrog dej).
Cov txuas ntxiv mus muab qhov sib xws rau cov gel tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev ntws dawb, thaum lub dispersed theem tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev dhau los ua qhov hnyav.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov gel
Qee cov gel muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev dhau los ntawm ib lub xeev colloidal mus rau lwm qhov tsuas yog los ntawm kev co. Qhov tshwj xeeb no yog hu ua thixotropy. Piv txwv ntawm qhov no yog qee cov xim, alkaline thiab txheej yas. Lwm cov thixotropic gels yog: lws suav ntses, av nplaum thiab yogurts.
Qhov sib xws ntawm cov gel yuav sib txawv ntawm cov kua khov khov thiab kua uas muaj kev nruj heev. Qhov no yuav yog nyob ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm cov gel. Yog li nws tuaj yeem hais tau tias cov gel nthuav tawm qee qib ntawm tsis ruaj tsis khov.
Txawm li cas los xij, raws li tus yam ntxwv dav dav, cov gel muaj qhov nruab nrab ywj.
Hom gels
Nyob ntawm qhov sib xws ntawm cov gel, cov no tuaj yeem raug cais ua:
- Hydrogels. Lawv muaj cov dej sib xws. Lawv siv, raws li ib txoj kev ntawm dispersion, dej. Feem ntau cov gel muaj nyob ntawm no.
- Organogels. Lawv zoo ib yam li hydrogels tab sis siv cov kuab tshuaj organic. Piv txwv ntawm qhov no yog crystallization ntawm cov ciab hauv cov roj.
- Xerogeles. Lawv yog cov gel nrog cov tsos zoo vim tias lawv tsis muaj qhov hnyav.
Kev siv cov gel
Raws li tau hais ua ntej, nws txoj kev siv tau dav heev hauv kev siv tshuaj, tshuaj pleev ib ce, tshuaj lom neeg, thiab lwm yam. Nws yog siv tshwj xeeb hauv tshuaj pleev ib ce, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev kho plaub hau.
Hauv cov tshuaj lawv tau siv rau kev kho mob hauv pob ntseg pob ntseg lossis hauv lub qhov ntswg txij li ob lub kwj dej nkag mus tau yooj yim thiab siv cov tshuaj tawv tawv yuav nyuaj rau lawv kev tu tom ntej.
Piv txwv ntawm cov gel
- Av nplaum
- Optical fiber xov hlau. Hauv cov xwm txheej no, tau siv cov roj av tau los. Cov gel no tso cai rau cov fibers nyob ruaj khov.
- Ncuav qab zib
- Da dej gel
- Plaub hau
- Txo cov gel
- Common gelatin
- Jelly
- Cov hnoos qeev (hnoos qeev los yog hnoos qeev). Cov no yog qhov tseem ceeb vim tias lawv tswj cov av noo ntawm lub qhov ntswg, pharynx, bronchi thiab cov pa ua pa dav dav.
- Daj daj
- Mayonnaise
- Txiv hmab txiv ntoo jam (ntxiv pectins txhawm rau ua kom sib xws)
- Cov cheese
- Ketchup
- Iav
- Yoghurt
Nws tuaj yeem pab koj:
- Piv txwv ntawm cov khib nyiab, Dej thiab Gaseous
- Piv txwv ntawm Xeev Plasma
- Piv txwv ntawm Colloids
