10 Piv txwv ntawm Biochemistry - Phau Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev

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Cov ceg ntawm biochemistry
Piv txwv ntawm biochemistry

Cov biochemistry Nws yog ib ceg ntawm chemistry uas tau mob siab rau kawm txog cov khoom muaj sia nyob hauv lawv cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg. Nws yog kev sim sim.

Nws cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog protein ntau, carbohydrates, lipid, nucleic acids thiab ntau yam molecules uas tsim cov cell, nrog rau cov tshuaj lom neeg lawv tau ua. Nws koom nrog hauv tshuaj, chaw muag tshuaj thiab ua liaj ua teb, nrog rau lwm yam kev qhuab qhia.

Biochemistry tshawb fawb seb cov kab mob tau txais lub zog (catabolism) thiab siv nws los tsim cov qauv tshiab (anabolism). Ntawm cov txheej txheem nws kawm yog kev zom zaub mov, photosynthesis, teeb meem tshuaj lom neeg, kev tsim tawm tshiab, kev loj hlob, thiab lwm yam.

Cov ceg ntawm biochemistry

Cov txheej txheem biochemistry: Kawm cov qauv tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov tshuaj lom macromolecules, xws li cov protein thiab nucleic acids (DNA thiab RNA).
Bioorganic tshuaj: Kawm cov sib txuas uas muaj covalent bonds carbon-carbon lossis carbon-hydrogen, hu ua cov organic sib txuas. Cov sib xyaw no tsuas pom muaj nyob hauv cov khoom muaj sia.
Enzymology: Enzymes yog lom catalysts uas tso cai rau lub cev ua tshuaj lom neeg xws li cov protein tawg. Qhov kev tshawb fawb no kawm txog lawv tus cwj pwm thiab kev cuam tshuam nrog coenzymes thiab lwm yam tshuaj xws li hlau thiab vitamins.
Metabolic biochemistry: Kawm cov txheej txheem zom zaub mov (tau txais thiab siv lub zog) ntawm qib cellular.
Xenobiochemistry: Koom nrog cov kws muag tshuaj, nws kawm txog kev coj tus cwj pwm ntawm cov tshuaj uas feem ntau tsis pom nyob hauv cov metabolism hauv ntawm cov kab mob.
Tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob: Kawm tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau kab mob.
Endocrinology: Kawm tus cwj pwm ntawm cov tshuaj hormones hauv cov kab mob. Hormones yog cov tshuaj uas tuaj yeem zais los ntawm lub cev lossis tau los ntawm sab nraud, uas cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov cell sib txawv thiab cov kab ke.
Neurochemistry: Kawm tshuaj lom tus cwj pwm ntawm lub paj hlwb.
Chemotaxonomy: Kawm thiab cais cov kab mob raws li lawv qhov sib txawv hauv lawv cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg.
Tshuaj lom neeg: Kawm cov tshuaj biochemical uas siv los ntawm cov kab mob sib cuam tshuam nrog txhua lwm yam.
Virology: Tshwj xeeb kawm txog kab mob, lawv kev faib tawm, kev ua haujlwm, cov qauv txheej txheem thiab kev hloov pauv. Nws yog txuam nrog pharmacology.
Noob caj noob ces: Kawm cov noob, lawv qhov kev nthuav qhia, lawv kis tau thiab tsim cov qauv molecular.
Molecular biology: Kawm cov txheej txheem biochemical tshwj xeeb los ntawm kev xav hauv lub cev.
Cell biology (cytology): Kawm txog chemistry, morphology thiab physiology ntawm ob hom cell: prokaryotes thiab eukaryotes.

Piv txwv ntawm biochemistry

Kev txhim kho cov chiv: chiv yog cov tshuaj uas nyiam kev cog qoob loo. Txhawm rau tsim lawv nws yog qhov tsim nyog kom paub cov tshuaj xav tau ntawm cov nroj tsuag.
Cov tshuaj ntxhua khaub ncaws Enzymatic: cov no yog cov tshuaj ntxuav uas tuaj yeem tshem cov seem ntawm cov khoom siv necrotic, tsis tas yuav ua rau qhov ua xeb ntawm qhov chaw tsis huv.
Tshuaj: kev tsim tshuaj yog nyob ntawm kev paub txog txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg ntawm tib neeg lub cev thiab cov kab mob lossis kab mob uas cuam tshuam rau nws.
Tshuaj pleev ib ce: Cov tshuaj siv hauv tshuaj pleev ib ce yuav tsum muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub cev siv tshuaj lom neeg.
Kev noj zaub mov zoo ntawm tsiaj: khoom noj yog tsim los ntawm kev paub txog kev zom zaub mov thiab kev noj zaub mov zoo ntawm cov tsiaj.
Khoom noj khoom haus: xijpeem lub hom phiaj ntawm peb kev noj zaub mov yog (kom nce lossis poob phaus, txo cov ntshav qab zib, tshem tawm cov roj cholesterol, thiab lwm yam) nws cov qauv tsim yuav tsum suav nrog cov tshuaj xav tau ntawm peb lub cev kom ua haujlwm.
Cov phab ntsa hauv plab tau npaj kom tiv taus cov kua qaub zom zaub mov uas yuav ua rau raug mob hnyav yog tias lawv cuam tshuam nrog qee qhov ntawm peb lub cev sab nraum lub plab zom mov.
Thaum peb kub taub hau, peb lub cev tab tom sim ntsuas qhov kub uas cov kab mob ua rau peb tsis tuaj yeem muaj sia nyob.
Thaum peb lub cev tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv nws tus kheej tawm tsam cov kab mob me me, cov tshuaj tua kab mob lawv yog cov lus teb tshuaj uas tiv thaiv lawv kev rov tsim dua tshiab thiab tshem tawm lawv.
Kev noj zaub mov zoo tso cai rau peb noj cov organic lossis cov tshuaj inorganic uas peb lub cev xav tau rau kev ua haujlwm kom raug.