Zoo Siab
Covtshuaj lom neeg Lawv yog cov tshuaj uas tsis muaj txhais tau tias tuaj yeem txo lossis decomposed rau lwm yam tshuaj yooj yim dua. Vim li no, nws tuaj yeem hais tias lub hauv paus yog txhua yam teeb meem ua los ntawm cov atoms ntawm tib yam thiab tshwj xeeb hauv chav kawm.
Thawj lub ntsiab lus ntawm tshuaj lom neeg tau qhia los ntawm Lavoisier hauv Txoj Cai ntawm Chimie, xyoo 1789. Rov qab rau xyoo pua 18th, Lavoisier tau faib cov tshuaj yooj yim ua plaub pawg:
- Cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub cev;
- Tsis yog xim hlau oxidizable thiab acidifiable tshuaj;
- Oxidizable thiab acidifiable metallic tshuaj, thiab ...
- Salidifiable ntiaj teb tshuaj.
Lub caij nyoog ntawm cov ntsiab lus
Hnub no 119 cov tshuaj lom neeg paub, uas tau muab faib ua tag nrho 18 pawg thiab 7 lub sijhawm. Txhua yam ntawm cov ntsiab lus no tau coj los ua ke nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem duab hu ua Periodic Table of the Elements, uas tau tsim los ntawm tus kws tshuaj lom neeg Lavxias Dimitri Mendeleyev hauv 1869.
Cov pab pawg loj uas tuaj yeem pom nyob hauv cov lus no yog cov hlau alkali, alkaline lub ntiaj teb hlau, cov hlau hloov pauv (uas yog pab pawg coob tshaj plaws), cov hlau tom qab hloov pauv, cov hlau, tsis muaj hlau (cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau lub neej nyob ntawm no, xws li oxygen thiab nitrogen), halogens, Cov roj cua zoo, thiab thaum kawg, muaj ob pawg tshwj xeeb ntawm cov ntsiab lus, cov lanthanides thiab cov actinides, uas qee zaum hais txog qhov tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb (txawm hais tias qee qhov muaj ntau dua).
Ntau ntawm cov ntsiab lus no muaj isotopes hluav taws xob. Cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo xws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm kub thiab ntawm kev sib xyawelectronegativity, ceev thiab ionic radius, ntawm lwm tus. Cov yam ntxwv no tseem ceeb vim tias lawv tso cai kwv yees nws tus cwj pwm, kev ua haujlwm rov qab, thiab lwm yam.
Nta thiab cov ntaub ntawv
Txhua lub tshuaj lom neeg pom tshwm los ntawm ntau yam. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws cim thoob ntiaj teb, suav nrog ib lossis ob tsab ntawv (los ntawm cov rooj sib tham, yog tias muaj ob tsab ntawv, thawj zaug tau sau ua cov ntawv loj thiab tom ntej hauv kab ntawv me).
Saum toj no thiab rau sab laug tshwm hauv cov ntawv me meatomic tooj, uas yog qhov uas qhia txog tus nqi protons uas lub hauv paus no muaj. Tom qab ntawd lub npe tag nrho ntawm lub caij thiab hauv qab no tus lej qhia txog atomic loj hauv grams ib mole.
Cov ntsiab lus sib txawv muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv atomic, thiab raws li tus naj npawb ntawm protons hauv cov nucleus nce, qhov kev nyiam ntau dua nws ua rau ntawm cov hluav taws xob, yog li lub ntim qis dua. Thaum lub ntim atomic me me, cov hluav taws xob nyob rau sab nraud tshaj plaws ntawm huab tau nyiam heev rau cov keeb, yog li lawv tsis tso yooj yim. Qhov tsis sib xws tshwm sim nrog cov ntsiab lus nrog cov atomic siab ntau: lawv tso lawv cov hluav taws xob sab nraud yooj yim.
Piv txwv ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg
Tshuaj lom neeg | Cim |
Actinium | Ac |
Txhuas | Rau |
Americium | A.M |
Antimony | Sb |
Argon | Ar |
Arsenic | Ace |
Astat | Ntawm |
Leej faj | S |
Barium | Ba |
Beryllium | Ua |
Berkelium | Bk |
Bismuth | Bi |
Bohrio | Bh |
Boron | B |
Bromine | Br |
Cadmium | CD |
Calcium | AC |
California | Cf |
Cov pa roj carbon | C |
Cerium | EC |
Cesium | Cs |
Tshuaj | Cl |
Cobalt | Co |
Tooj liab | Cu |
Chrome | Cr |
Curium | Cm |
Darmstadio | Ds |
Dysprosium | Dy |
Dubnium | Db |
Einsteinium | Nws yog |
Erbium | Er |
Scandium | Sc |
Tin | Sn |
Strontium | Mr. |
Teb chaws Europe | Eu |
Fermium | Fm |
Tshuaj fluorine | F |
Sib phim | P |
Francius | Fr |
Gadolinium | Gd |
Gallium | Ga |
Germanium | Ge |
Hafnium | Hf |
Hassio | Hs |
Helium | Kuv muaj |
Hydrogen | H |
Hlau | Kev Ntseeg |
Holmium | Ho |
Khab | Hauv |
Iodine | Kuv |
Iridium | Mus |
Ytterbium | Yb |
Yttrium | THIAB |
Krypton | Kr |
Lanthanum | Cov |
Lawrencio | Lr |
Lithium roj teeb | Li |
Lutetium | Mon |
Magnesium | Mg |
Manganese | Mn |
Meitnerius | Mt |
Mendelevium | Md |
Mercury | Hg |
Molybdenum | Mo |
Neodymium | Na |
Neon | Tsis |
Neptunium | Np |
Niobium | Nb |
Npib tsib xee | Tsis yog |
Nitrogen | N |
Nobelio | Tsis yog |
Kub | Au |
Osmium | Koj |
Cov pa | LOS YOG |
Palladium | P.S |
Nyiaj | Ag |
Platinum | Pt |
Coj | Pb |
Plutonium | Pu |
Polonium | Pov |
Cov poov tshuaj | K |
Praseodymium | Pr |
Prometius | P.m |
Protactinium | Pa |
Xov tooj cua | Ra |
Radon | Rn |
Rhenium | Re |
Rhodium | Rh |
Rubidium | Rb |
Ruthenium | Ru |
Rutherfordio | Rf |
Samarium | Yog |
Seaborgio | Sg |
Selenium | Kuv paub |
Silica | Yog lawm |
Sodium | Na |
Thallium | Tl |
Tantalum | Ta |
Technetium | Tc |
Tellurium | Tshuaj yej |
Terbium | Tb |
Titanium | Koj |
Thorium | Th |
Thulium | Tm |
Ununbio | Uub |
Ununhex | Ua |
Ununio | Ua |
Ununoctium | Ua |
Ununpentium | Ua |
Ununquadio | Ua |
Ununseptio | Uus |
Ununtrium | Ua |
Uranium | LOS YOG |
Vanadium | V |
Tungsten | W |
Xenon | Xe |
Zinc | Zn |
Zirconium | Zr |
Nws tuaj yeem pab koj:
- Piv txwv ntawm Cov Tshuaj Tshuaj
- Piv txwv ntawm Cov Tshuaj Raug Tshuaj
- Piv txwv ntawm Tshuaj Phenomena
- Piv txwv ntawm Metals thiab Non-Metals