Zoo Siab
Cov polymers Lawv yog cov molecules loj (macromolecules) uas tau tsim los ntawm kev koom ua ke ntawm ob lossis ntau dua cov qauv me me hu ua monomers. Monomers tau txuas rau ib leeg los ntawm covalent bonds.
Polymers yog cov sib txuas tseem ceeb heev, txij li qee qhov ua tiav cov haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev muaj sia nyob, piv txwv li: cov protein, DNA. Ntau ntawm lawv yog nyob rau hauv qhov thiab hauv kev xyaum txhua yam uas nyob ib puag ncig peb, piv txwv li: yas hauv cov khoom ua si; roj hmab hauv tsheb log tsheb; wool nyob rau hauv lub tsho loj.
Raws li lawv keeb kwm, cov polymers tuaj yeem raug cais raws li: ntuj, xws li hmoov txhuv nplej siab lossis cellulose; semisynthetics, xws li nitrocellulose; thiab khoom cuav, xws li nylon lossis polycarbonate. Ib qho ntxiv, cov qub polymers no tuaj yeem raug cais raws li txheej txheem polymerization (txheej txheem uas monomers mus dhau los tsim cov saw thiab tsim cov polymer), raws li lawv cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab raws li lawv tus cwj pwm ua kom sov.
Polymer yam
Raws li nws keeb kwm:
- Ntuj polymers. Lawv yog cov polymers uas pom muaj nyob hauv ntuj. Piv txwv li: DNA, hmoov txhuv nplej siab, txhob lo lo ntxhuav, protein.
- Artificial polymers. Lawv yog cov polymers tsim los ntawm tus txiv neej los ntawm kev tsim khoom lag luam ntawm monomers. Piv txwv li: yas, fiber, roj hmab.
- Semi-hluavtaws polymers. Lawv yog cov polymers uas tau los ntawm kev hloov pauv polymers ntuj los ntawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg. Piv txwv li: etonite, nictrocellulose.
- Ua raws hauv: Ntuj thiab dag polymers
Raws li txheej txheem polymerization:
- Ntxiv. Ib hom polymerization uas tshwm sim thaum lub cev hnyav ntawm cov polymer yog qhov tseeb ntau ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm monomer. Piv txwv li: yas vinyl chloride.
- Hwj chim. Hom polymerization uas tshwm sim thaum lub cev hnyav ntawm cov polymer tsis yog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm monomer, qhov no tshwm sim vim tias hauv kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov monomers muaj dej poob lossis qee cov qauv. Piv txwv li: silicone.
Raws li nws muaj pes tsawg leeg:
- Organic polymers. Hom polymers uas muaj carbon atoms hauv lawv cov saw loj. Piv txwv li: covpaj rwb, paj rwb.
- Vinyl organic polymers. Hom polymers uas nws cov saw tseem ceeb tau tsim tshwj xeeb ntawm cov pa roj carbon atoms. Piv txwv li: polyethylene.
- Non-vinyl organic polymers. Hom polymers uas muaj carbon thiab oxygen thiab / lossis nitrogen atoms hauv lawv cov saw loj. Piv txwv li: polyesters.
- Inorganic polymers. Hom polymers uas tsis muaj carbon atoms hauv lawv cov saw loj. Piv txwv li: cov silicones.
Raws li nws tus cwj pwm thermal:
- Thermostable. Hom polymers uas, thaum lawv qhov kub nce, decompose chemically. Piv txwv li: ebonite.
- Thermoplastics. Hom polymers uas tuaj yeem ua kom mos lossis yaj thaum ua kom sov thiab tom qab ntawd rov ua tau lawv lub zog thaum txias. Piv txwv li: nylon.
- Elastomers. Hom polymers uas tuaj yeem siv tau yooj yim thiab ua pwm tsis poob lawv cov khoom lossis cov qauv. Piv txwv li: roj hmab, silicone.
- Nws tuaj yeem pab koj: Cov khoom siv ywj pheej
Piv txwv ntawm polymers
- Roj hmab
- Ntawv
- Hmoov txhuv nplej siab
- Cov protein
- Ntoo
- DNA thiab RNA
- Roj hmab Vulcanized
- Nitrocellulose
- Nylon
- PVC
- Polyethylene
- Polyvinylchloride
- Ua raws nrog: Cov ntaub ntawv ntuj thiab dag
