Tshuaj lom neeg

Zoo Siab

• Kev siv ntawm cov hauv paus
• Piv txwv ntawm cov hauv paus tshuaj

A tshuaj lom neeg yog txhua yam cov khoom uas yaj tawm tso hydroxyl ions (AW^–). Cov hauv paus tshuaj tseem paub tias yog alkalis, vim los ntawm kev sib cais thiab tso tawm hydroxyl pawg, cov pH ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem nce ntxiv, uas yog, cov tshuaj ua alkaline. Qhov no tsis sib thooj rau qhov tshwm sim thaum a kua qaub, vim tias qhov xwm txheej ntawd pH txo qis thiab cov tshuaj ua kua qaub.

Cov hauv paus lawv muaj tus yam ntxwv iab saj. Tom qab yaj, cov txiaj ntsig kev daws teeb meem ua hluav taws xob tam sim no (vim muaj cov ions) thiab lawv feem ntau yog khaus thiab ua rau tawv nqaij thiab lwm cov ntaub so ntswg tib neeg thiab tsiaj.

Lub hauv paus lawv neutralize cov kua qaub, feem ntau tsim cov ntsev. Kev daws teeb meem Alkaline yuav zoo li nplua los yog xab npum; Qhov no tshwm sim vim lawv tam sim tsim cov saponification ntawm cov rog muaj nyob rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij.

Cov solubility ntawm hydroxides nyob ntawm cov hlau: cov neeg ntawm pab pawg (I) yog cov dej ntau tshaj plaws, ntawm qhov tod tes, cov tshuaj hydroxides ntawm cov ntsiab lus nrog qib ntawm oxidation (II) yog cov dej tsawg dua thiab cov qib ntawm oxidation (III) lossis (IV) yuav luag tsis yaj . Amines thiab nucleic acid bases yog qhov dav tshaj plaws ntawm cov hauv paus organic.

Kev siv ntawm cov hauv paus

Sodium hydroxide tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam: nws yog qhov hu ua caustic dej qab zib. Hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm xab npum tsiaj los yog zaub roj yog siv, uas tau rhaub nrog hydroxide tshuaj sodium, yog li sodium stearate tau tsim.

Sodium hydroxide kuj tseem siv hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj ntxuav lub qhov cub, hauv kev tsim cov ntawv pulp thiab qee yam tsev neeg tu tsev. Lwm qhov siv dav hauv paus yog calcium hydroxide, uas yog txiv qaub tawm uas yog siv hauv kev tsim kho.

Piv txwv ntawm cov hauv paus tshuaj