15 Piv txwv ntawm Cov Khib Nyiab Uas Tsim Nyog - Phau Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev

Daim Duab: XOV XWM nplog teb & Italy phom sij txaus ntshai kawm lawm

Zoo Siab

Hom pov tseg pov tseg
Piv txwv ntawm kev pov tseg pov tseg

Nws yog to taub los ntawm txaus ntshai seem tag nrho khoom, kua, cov pa roj av uas, yog cov khoom lag luam ntawm qee cov txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov pauv, tsim khoom lossis tib neeg noj, muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev phom sij rau lub neej, ob leeg tib neeg thiab ntawm lwm hom.

Cov khib nyiab no tuaj yeem siv tau lossis tsis tuaj yeem siv tau dua, tab sis lawv muaj ib lossis ntau qhov ntawm cov khoom hauv qab no suav tias yog teeb meem rau tib neeg thiab kev noj qab haus huv hauv cheeb tsam:

Kev kub nyhiab. Raug txim siab rau qhov hluav taws kub nthe ntog thiab pib tua hluav taws.
Kev lom. Nws tau hais txog cov tshuaj uas muaj tshuaj lom ntau dua lossis tsawg dua lossis kis tau tus mob, uas yog, muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj kabmob uas muaj kev sib cuag nrog lawv kom tuag lossis mob.
Kev tawg. Muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev tawg thiab tsiv txav ntawm qhov teeb meem thiab lub zog, tseem ua rau hluav taws kub.
Reactivity. Nov yog lub npe muab rau qhov nyiam ntawm qee yam tshuaj tsis ruaj khov ua ke sai nrog cov ib puag ncig, yog li hloov kho lawv cov khoom ntuj tsim thiab ua rau muaj cov tshuaj tshiab uas nws cuam tshuam, tig mus, tsis tuaj yeem kwv yees tau.
Xov tooj cua. Phenomenon los ntawm qee yam tshuaj tsis ruaj khov tso tawm cov khoom uas dhau los yuav luag txhua qhov teeb meem uas twb muaj lawm ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv lawv cov lej sib npaug thiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kab mob (mob qog noj ntshav, mob qog ntshav, thiab lwm yam) lossis kub nyhiab.
Corrosiveness. Cov cuab yeej ntawm cov kua qaub thiab cov hauv paus kom oxidize lossis yaj qhov teeb meem uas lawv tuaj ntsib, vim lawv qhov xwm txheej pH heev. Lawv muaj peev xwm tsim hluav taws tseem ceeb hauv cov organic.

Hom pov tseg pov tseg

Feem ntau Muaj tag nrho cov kev cai lij choj los tswj thiab tso tseg lub sijhawm ua rau muaj kev phom sij ntawm cov khoom pov tseg txaus ntshai hauv ntiaj teb, txhawb kev rov ua dua tshiab thiab rov siv qee yam thiab lub luag haujlwm pov tseg ntawm lwm tus.

Txawm li cas los, tons ntawm cov khoom siv tam sim no tau pov rau hauv cov av, dej hiav txwv thiab cua txhua hnub, los ntawm ntau yam kev lag luam thiab tib neeg kev lag luam. Raws li cov lus pov thawj, nws muaj peev xwm faib lawv ua:

Nroog pov tseg. Cov uas los ntawm kev ua neej nyob niaj hnub ntawm cov nroog thiab uas feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev siv thiab pov tseg cov khoom thiab kev pabcuam.
Lub teeb muaj pov tseg. Txawm hais tias tawv, kua los yog roj cua, cov no yog cov tshuaj los ntawm kev tsim khoom lag luam uas feem ntau muaj kev tshem tawm nyuaj me ntsis thiab cuam tshuam nruab nrab ntawm kev noj qab haus huv ib puag ncig tsis zoo.
Hnyav muaj pov tseg. Cov khoom lag luam loj ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov teeb meem, feem ntau lawv txaus ntshai heev rau ib puag ncig thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau lub neej ib puag ncig.
Cov khib nyiab pov tseg. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov pa roj thiab cov kua pov tseg uas cov tshuaj tua hluav taws (xws li hydrocarbons uas peb siv ua roj) tso rau ib puag ncig thiab uas feem ntau muaj tshuaj lom rau lub neej.
Ua liaj ua teb pov tseg. Feem ntau ntawm nws yog pov tseg cov organic teeb meem uas thaum kawg yuav raug biodegraded, tab sis qhov hloov pauv qhov sib piv ntawm ntuj thiab kev hloov pauv uas nws muaj. Txawm li cas los xij, nws ib txwm pom cov tshuaj tua kab thiab tshuaj tua kab ntawm lawv.
Cov tub rog pov tseg. Hauv pawg no yuav poob qhov seem ntawm riam phom thiab kev pib ua tsov rog xws li foob pob foob pob lossis riam phom tshuaj, thiab lwm yam, nrog rau cov hlau thiab cov khoom tawg uas, txawm tias tom qab ua tsov rog, tseem nyob hauv ib puag ncig.

Piv txwv ntawm kev pov tseg pov tseg

Roj teeb thiab roj teeb. Cov cuab yeej no them nqi hluav taws xob me me los ntawm cov tshuaj lom hauv lawv, txhawb nqa los ntawm cov kua qaub thiab cov hlau hnyav (tshwj xeeb yog mercury thiab cadmium). Thaum lawv sab sab, lawv cov pov tseg sawv cev rau ib puag ncig tsis yooj yim, txij li sai los sis tom qab lawv cov ntim oxidizes thiab cov kua qaub tau tso tawm rau ib puag ncig.
Dej hauv nroog. Cov kua thiab cov khoom pov tseg ib nrab los ntawm cov kav dej hauv nroog tsis muaj tsuas yog ua rau cov organic puas tsuaj uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kab mob rau tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu, tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov roj hlawv kub hnyiab, tshuaj lom los ntawm xab npum thiab lwm yam.
Nuclear cog pov tseg. Plutonium thiab lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob nyob ntev yog cov khoom lag luam ntawm kev tswj hwm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nuclear uas tshwm sim hauv cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob nuclear. Cov khoom siv no yog cov carcinogenic thiab mutagenic, uas yog vim li cas nws thiaj li tau muab tso rau hauv cov thawv txhuas, tsuas yog cov khoom muaj peev xwm muaj cov hluav taws xob. Qhov teeb meem yog tias cov ntim khoom no, ua los ntawm cov hlau lead, oxidize tau nrawm dua.
Biological pov tseg. Cov khoom siv kho mob uas muaj kab mob sib kis, xws li lub tsho hnav, koob txhaj tshuaj, thiab lwm yam cuab yeej, feem ntau yog qhov chaw muaj tus kab mob virulent uas yuav tsum tau ceev faj thiab kho tshwj xeeb. Ntau yam ntawm cov khoom siv no tau rov siv dua tom qab tau txais cov tshuaj hluav taws xob uas ua kom tsis muaj menyuam tag, hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nuclear, tab sis ntau ntxiv yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg.
Muaj cov dej khib nyiab. Ntau qhov kev lag luam hnyav ua haujlwm nrog dej ntau rau kev txias thiab lwm yam kev ua haujlwm lub cev-tshuaj lom neeg, tab sis thaum kawg ntawm lawv cov voj voog lawv tso cov dej uas muaj cov hlau hnyav thiab cov tshuaj lom, uas nws rov nkag mus rau hauv dej lossis dej hiav txwv yuav tsum muaj qhov chaw. nyob rau hauv kev tswj hwm, txij li uas tau ntim nrog sulfates lossis nitrates thiab ntsev uas tsis sib xws ntawm pH thiab tshuaj sib npaug ntawm ib puag ncig.
Cov ntaub ntawv hlau. Cov khoom lag luam ntawm kev lag luam hlau, lawv feem ntau muab pov tseg cia siab rau lawv cov txheej txheem oxidation sai. Qhov teeb meem yog tias, ua cov hlau uas muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau zoo, hlau yooj yim ua cov ntsev thiab kua qaub, ua rau muaj kev sib sib zog nqus thiab ntau yam tsis tuaj yeem kwv yees tau.
Xim thiab kuab tshuaj seem. Ntau qhov chaw pheej yig siv cov kuab tshuaj hnyav heev hauv lawv cov xim thiab rov ua haujlwm dua. Kev muab pov tseg tsis raug ntawm cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem ua rau hluav taws lossis, tshwj xeeb yog cov xwm txheej txaus ntshai, ua rau lawv sib sau ua ke thiab tawg tom qab, vim tias lawv feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm cov dej tsis haum.
Roj thiab lwm yam. Cov roj av hnyav los ntawm qhov uas peb rho tawm lub zog, cov khoom siv yas, cov tshuaj polymers thiab ntau txhiab daim ntawv thov, tuaj yeem dhau los ua kev phom sij txaus ntshai thaum cov roj nchuav lossis tawg ntawm cov kav dej. Roj roj yog tuab thiab tsis yaj hauv dej, thiab npog txhua yam hauv nws txoj kev, tiv thaiv kev ua pa ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab kev txav mus los ntawm tsiaj. Kev puas tsuaj loj heev ntawm ecological yog vim kev ua tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom no.
Siv roj av roj. Cov roj thiab roj los ntawm tsheb, chav ua noj, thiab lwm yam khoom siv muaj lub peev xwm ua hluav taws kub thiab ua kom rov zoo tuaj uas ua rau lawv txaus ntshai thiab muaj kuab paug. Hmoov zoo, lawv tau rov ua tau zoo dua qub hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom biomass.
Cov hauv paus ruaj khov. Caustic cov hauv paus siv hauv kev lag luam ntawv, piv txwv li, yog cov muaj zog desiccants thiab oxidants uas, tso tawm rau ib puag ncig, tshuaj lom neeg ua rau exothermically (xws li potassium lossis sodium: lawv tso tawm cua sov) thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm igniting thiab corroding organic teeb meem., Ntxiv rau hloov pauv pH ntawm cov ecosystem hauv txoj hauv kev heev.
Khib nyiab pov tseg. Saum toj no tag nrho, kev ua txhaum cai tsis raug cai - xws li garimpeiros hauv Amazon - siv cov tshuaj txhawm rau txheeb xyuas kub uas tom qab ntawd pub rau hauv dej, xws li mercury. Coob leej tib neeg nyob hauv lub tebchaws tau raug tshuaj lom los ntawm qhov muaj cov no thiab lwm yam hlau hauv dej thiab pas dej, lossis los ntawm kev noj cov ntses uas muaj kab mob sib kis yav tas los.
Kev ua liaj ua teb seem. Ntau tshaj li cov khoom pov tseg biodegradable, xws li cov pov tseg ntawm tsob ntoo, cov khoom siv sib xyaw lossis lwm yam khoom siv biodegradable, peb hais txog ntawm no rau cov tshuaj tua kab, tshuaj tua kab thiab tshuaj lom neeg muaj tshuaj lom nitrogen thiab leej faj. Tag nrho cov tshuaj no tau los ntawm nag thiab coj mus rau cov dej thiab pas dej, qhov uas lawv hloov kho cov tshuaj sib npaug ntawm cov dej lossis kis rau lub cev ntawm cov tsiaj tsiaj noj.
Muaj cov pa roj nkev. Ntau yam haujlwm tsim khoom tsim muaj cov pa roj ntau, txuas rau cov tshuaj ua kom tuag xws li arsenic, chlorine lossis cyanide, thiab raug tso tawm mus rau huab cua, qhov twg qee qhov ua rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm txheej txheej ozone, thiab lwm yam ua paug huab, ua rau cov kua qaub los yog lom nag los poob rov qab.
Cov pa roj av Ntawm qhov tod tes, ntau qhov kev lag luam siv lossis tsim cov pa roj av uas tsis raug tshuaj lom lossis tuag taus (xws li cov pa roj inert), tab sis qhov uas tsis muaj kev tswj hwm ntau tuaj yeem txav cov pa oxygen los ntawm huab cua thiab ua rau cov tsiaj nyob ze nyob ze, xav tau ceev faj thiab tshwj xeeb tuav. .
Iav thiab lwm yam muaju. Cov iav yog cov khoom siv dav thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb heev, nws yog qhov tseeb, tab sis thaum muab pov tseg yam tsis raug, nws tuaj yeem ua lub lens tsom mus rau lub hnub ci thiab yog li pib tua hluav taws. Ntau lub hav zoov hav zoov tau siv nyob rau ib xyoos los ntawm hom uas tsis tuaj yeem kwv yees tab sis zam dhau qhov xwm txheej.