Zoo Siab
Cov cov zaub movLawv yog cov tshuaj inorganic ntawm cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, uas tau pom hauv cov pob zeb sib txawv uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tawg ntawm lub ntiaj teb ua kiav txhab.
Txawm hais tias qee cov zaub mov tau tsim los ntawm cov khoom ib leeg (cov zaub mov ib txwm muaj), feem ntau ntawm lawv tau tsim los ntawm tshuaj lom neeg uas tau tshwm sim hauv thawj txheej ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov tawv nqaij ntev dhau los thiab suav nrog ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg.
Cov zaub mov tseem ceeb sib raug rau cov tsev neeg tshuaj lom neeg sulfides, sulfates thiab sulfosalts; kuj yog ntau yam zaub mov ntau yam oxides, carbonates, nitrates, borates, phosphates thiab silicates.
Tus naj npawb ntawm qhov ua tau ua ke ntawm tshuaj lom neeg yog qhov xav tsis thoob tiag tiag thiab piav qhia, ib feem, qhov ntau ntawm duab, xim, qhov ntau thiab cov textures nthuav tawm los ntawm cov zaub mov. Cov huab cua thiab cov xwm txheej geological tseem cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem tsim no.
Nws tuaj yeem pab koj:
- Piv txwv ntawm Igneous Rocks
- Piv txwv ntawm ntsev ntsev
Cov ntxhia pob zeb
Cov pob zeb hauv av tso nyiaj yog cov chaw tso dej ntuj ntawm cov ntsiab lus no uas tib neeg niaj hnub no tau ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam.
Txhawm rau nkag mus rau cov zaub mov, nws yog qhov tsim nyog tsuas, uas yog, qhov dej ntsug uas tig ceg tawm mus rau hauv kab duab kab rov tav.
Cov no tau nthuav tawm tom qab ore cov koj xav siv, tab sis koj tseem tuaj yeem ua qhov qhib qhov av, yog tias cov zaub mov muaj ntau dua ntawm qhov chaw.
Cov kev khawb av yog ib txoj haujlwm uas muaj kev pheej hmoo siab vim yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev raug xwm txheej thiab tseem tsis zoo rau lub cev, vim yog lub siab xav ua rau lub cev ua pa nyuaj.
Nees nkaum cov zaub mov tau teev tseg hauv qab no, ua piv txwv:
- chalcopyrite: daj xim, feem ntau nws pom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv loj. Yuav luag ob feem peb ntawm nws qhov hnyav sib xws rau hlau thiab tooj liab, yog li chalcopyrite tau siv qhov tseem ceeb rau daim ntawv thov kev lag luam. Hauv qee kis koj tuaj yeem muaj kub thiab nyiaj, yog li qhov kev txaus siab hauv nws nce.
- azurite hmoov: nws yog cov ntxhia mos mos nrog cov xim xiav, cuam tshuam nrog malachite, nws feem ntau npog ntau yam zaub mov uas twb muaj lawm nyob rau sab saud ntawm qhov tso nyiaj. Nws tau siv los ua pob zeb zoo nkauj thiab kuj yog xim xim.
- malachite: nws tau muab rho tawm los ntawm pob zeb mos muag uas nws cov nyiaj tso cia tseem ceeb niaj hnub no hauv Zaire. Nws yog feem ntau siv hauv cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, txawm hais tias cov khoom kho mob kuj yog tus yam ntxwv rau nws.
- hlau nplaum: pom nyob rau ntau hom igneous lossis metamorphic pob zeb, nws yog cov hlau ntxhia. Nws yog nkig thiab tawv, thiab ruaj khov heev ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, uas ua rau nws yog tus tiv thaiv zoo rau cov kav dej kub. Kev siv kev lag luam txuas ntxiv mus rau kev tsim kho, qhov uas nws tau siv rau kev ua vaj tsev.
- haiv neeg kub: cov hlau muaj txiaj ntsig feem ntau siv hauv cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub thiab cov kws ua kub, kuj tseem siv hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, kho hniav thiab yas yas. Nws tus nqi siab tau txuas rau qhov tsis txaus thiab qhov nyuaj hauv kev tau txais nws, qhov no txwv nws txoj kev siv.
- aragonite: nrog ntau qhov xim, nws pom muaj nyob hauv cov hlab ntshav, feem ntau nyob hauv qhov kub tsis txias. Qee qhov ntau yam yog siv los ua pob zeb zoo nkauj.
- sab sauv: nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig swampy nplua nuj hauv cov organic, nws muaj xim nruab nrab ntawm cov xim daj daj thiab ntsuab ntsuab. Nws qhov tseem ceeb tseem ceeb hauv kev rho tawm cov hlau, uas yog vim li cas nws zoo li cov ntxhia tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam hlau.
- cov bauxite: pob zeb tsim los ntawm alumina. Feem ntau friable thiab lub teeb, mos thiab zoo li av nplaum. Nws tau siv los ua raw khoom kom tau txais txhuas, uas ua rau nws tsis tseem ceeb, vim txhuas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau ntau yam lag luam.
- cerussite: nws los hauv cov xim ntawm dawb, greyish lossis dub, txawm hais tias nws kuj tuaj yeem tsis muaj xim. Koom nrog cov zaub mov tseem ceeb xws li galena thiab sphalerite, nws sawv cev rau qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tau txais txhuas.
- pyrite: ntxhia zoo ib yam kub, siv kom tau cov tshuaj sulfuric. Lawv qhov zoo ib yam rau kub tau yog qhov ua dag, txawm hais tias rau kev kawm qhov muag lawv yog ob qhov sib txawv ntawm cov zaub mov.
- rhodochrosite: ntxhia muaj cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm magnesium carbonate, liab rau liab, pob tshab me ntsis. Nws muaj tam sim no hauv Argentina, Tebchaws Asmeskas thiab Russia, thiab nws siv ntau yam los ntawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub mus rau kev ua cov pej thuam.
- quartz: tsis muaj xim hauv nws lub xeev dawb huv, tab sis muaj peev xwm txais yuav cov xim sib txawv thaum ua ke. Nws muaj cov khoom siv piezoelectric (nws teb rau cov cuab yeej siv los ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob), uas yog siv hauv kev pib ntaus ntawv. Nws yog cov ntxhia uas muaj ntau tshaj plaws nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb ua kiav txhab, thiab cov nyiaj Brazilian tau siv ntau tshaj plaws thoob ntiaj teb.
- feldspars: nyuaj thiab muaj ntau cov zaub mov, tiv taus kub siab (ntau dua 900 ° C). Lawv tau ua haujlwm rau kev txhim kho cov vuam roj, thiab hauv cov iav thiab cov lag luam kev lag luam.
- siv mica: ua kom 3.8% ntawm lub ntiaj teb ua kiav txhab, nws muaj cov yam ntxwv xws li tiv taus cua sov thiab dej, uas ua rau nws yog cov ntxhia tseem ceeb rau kev lag luam. Cov tshuab hluav taws xob tau tsim los ntawm mica, uas tsuas yog yaj ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj 1200 ° C.
- cov olivine: feem ntau yog xim ntsuab, txawm hais tias qee lub sijhawm nws tsis muaj xim. Nws yog ib nrab nyuaj thiab pom nyob rau hauv metamorphosed dolomitic limestone. Cov pob zeb uas muaj nws tau siv rau kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab nws cov pob tshab ntau yam yog nrhiav tom qab raws li cov pov haum muaj nqis.
- calcite: qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov pob zeb pob zeb thiab lwm yam kev tsim. Nws yog siv los rho tawm cov khoom tsis huv thiab siv hauv kev lag luam kho qhov muag. Nws tuaj yeem muaj xim sib txawv.
- nrum: nws tau muab rho tawm los ntawm qhov qhib qhov av lossis chaw txua txiag zeb hauv av, feem ntau, los ntawm cov haujlwm uas xav tau ntau lub zog. Cov ntxhia no muaj ntau yam siv, tab sis tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg qhov tseem ceeb yog kev sib xyaw ua ke siv hauv kev tsim kho vaj tsev.
- leej faj: xim daj uas tsis yog xim hlau Nws muaj lub peev xwm ua kom kub hnyiab tau zoo thiab tau yaj hauv dej hauv txhua yam nws ua. Nws yog ib feem ntawm ntau yam kev ua haujlwm ntawm tib neeg.
- borax: dawb siv lead ua uas yaj tau yooj yim hauv dej. Pom hauv cov tshuaj ntxhua khaub ncaws thiab tshuaj tua kab, hauv cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub txhawm rau txhawm rau kub thiab nyiaj, thiab hauv iav thiab ntoo kev lag luam.
- ntsev: thaj tsam loj ntawm South America tau npog los ntawm cov ntsev ntsev uas muaj cov ntsev sib txawv, suav nrog sodium chloride, uas tau ua cov ntsev ntsev.
Lwm cov zaub mov muaj nyob hauv qhov
| Bentonite | Cervantite | Mimetesite |
| Kyanite | Dolomite | Tshuaj fluorite |
| Asbestos | Hanksita | Epirota |
| Pob zeb diamond | Hemimorphite | Cuprite |
| Nyiaj | Goethite | Wulfenite |
| Npib tsib xee | Selenite | Beryl |
| talcum hmoov | Obsidian | Cassiterite |
| Zinc | Sodalite | Analcima |
| Titanium | Topaz | Apatite |
| Graphite | Meteorite | Pumice |
Pab tau koj
- Piv txwv ntawm Igneous Rocks
- Piv txwv ntawm Kev Lag Luam hnyav
- Piv txwv ntawm ntsev ntsev
Hom zaub mov
Cov pob zeb muaj peev xwm tuaj yeem xaj cov qauv me me, ua raws cov qauv ruaj khov, lossis tsis ua haujlwm, tsis muaj lub ntsej muag zoo lossis kev npaj.
Cov qub raug hu ua crystalline cov zaub mov, Cov no tsim cov duab geometric zoo li lub voos xwmfab, prisms, pyramids thiab lwm yam. Ntau lub npe hu ua pob zeb muaj nqi, siv hauv cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, nyob ntawd. Cov vib nas this yog amorphous cov zaub mov.
Tsis tas li, muaj metallic thiab non-metallic minerals. Los ntawm yav dhau los, cov hlau tseem ceeb tuaj yeem tau txais rau kev lag luam, zoo li hlau, tooj liab lossis txhuas; tom kawg kuj tseem hu ua cov zaub mov tsiaj txhu, vim tias lawv cuam tshuam nrog lwm cov ntxhia tsim cov pob zeb, thiab lawv kuj tseem muaj daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev piav qhia cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev tsim kho, zoo li txiv qaub los yog xis mas.
Khoom
Cov khoom ntawm cov zaub mov tseem ceeb rau lawv siv. Cov no feem ntau muab faib ua peb hom: geometric, lub cev thiab tshuaj.
Cov uas feem ntau mob lawv siv yog lub cev thiab tshuaj muaj zog, uas suav nrog cov yam ntxwv xws li tawv lossis tawv; kho qhov muag zoo li refringence thiab electromagnetic zoo li kev coj ua thiab kev nyiam sib nqus. Symmetry lossis ci tuaj yeem yog qhov kev txaus siab.
