Thaum lub atom lossis molecule ntawm cov khoom poob nws cov hluav taws xob nruab nrab tshwm sim kom tau txais cov denomination ntawm ion, cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam nrog kev nce lossis poob ntawm cov khoom siv ib txwm muaj ntawm cov khoom siv uas qhia txog cov qauv txheej txheem atomic ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw hu ua ionization. Qhov kev paub yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm kev tsim cov tshuaj ion yog suav nrog tus kws kho mob Askiv Humphrey dav (1778-1829) thiab nws tus thwjtim, Michel Faraday (1791-1867).
Cov cov ions Cov nqi tsis zoo raug tsim los ntawm kev nce ntawm cov hluav taws xob thiab raug hu ua anions (vim tias lawv tau nyiam rau anode), thaum cov uas tau them zoo vim qhov poob ntawm cov hluav taws xob, feem ntau yog cov plhaub sab nraud, hu ua cations (txij li cov no, tsis zoo li cov anions, tau nyiam rau cathode).
Hauv cov anions, Txhua lub tshuab hluav taws xob ntawm lub atom, uas yog ib txwm nyob nruab nrab, tau tuav zoo los ntawm qhov ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov keeb; Txawm li cas los xij, tsis zoo li lwm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv lub atom, hauv cov anions ntxiv cov hluav taws xob tsis txuas nrog lub zog los ntawm Coulomb rog, nws txuas nrog rau qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov nruab nrab atom. Vim tias qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov electrons, cov anions muaj ntau dua qhov sib piv nruab nrab atom.
Hauv chav sov, ntau qhov ions ntawm qhov kos npe sib txawv khi rau ib leeg tom qab ib txwm ua thiab xaj qauv uas ua rau muaj kev tsim cov muaju, xws li cov ntsev ntsev uas yog sodium chloride. Cov ntsev feem ntau yooj yim ionized. Thaum nthuav tawm yaj, ions yog lub hauv paus ntawm cov txheej txheem kev lag luam tseem ceeb xws li electrolysis thiab muab lub hauv paus rau cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no xws li roj teeb thiab cov khoom ntim khoom. Cov ions sib txawv koom nrog hauv enzymatic oxidation thiab txo cov txheej txheem, yog li cov yam ntxwv ntawm suav tsis txheeb cov tshuaj lom biochemical uas tshwm sim hauv cov tsiaj txhu.
Cov ntsiab lus uas ib txwm muaj qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws rau ionize zoo, uas yog, kom poob hluav taws xob thiab yog li tsim cov cations, yog hlau thiab halogensQee yam tsis yog hlau feem ntau tsim cov anions, thiab cov pa roj zoo li helium lossis argon tsis tsim cov ions. Qhov loj ntawm cations me dua li ntawm atoms vim tias poob hluav taws xob.
Feem ntau, ions yog tshuaj lom ntau dua li cov qauv nruab nrab thiab tuaj yeem yog monatomic los yog polyatomic, inorganic los yog organic.
20 piv txwv ntawm ions tau teev tseg hauv qab no, suav nrog anions, cations, monatomic thiab pluriatomic ions.
- Tshuaj dawb
- Sulfates
- Nitrates
- Cov tshuaj calcium
- Manganese cation
- Hypochlorite
- Ammonium
- Ferric cation
- Cov hlau cation
- Magnesium cation
- Silicates
- Borates
- Cov tshuaj permanganate
- Sulfide
- Orthophosphate
- Metaphosphate
- Cov pa roj carbonate
- Citrate
- Malate
- Acetate
