A tshuaj lom neeg yog cov khoom uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm ob lossis ntau qhov txuas tshuaj lom neeg nyob rau hauv ib qho kev npaj thiab hauv qee qhov sib piv. Tias yog vim li cas thiaj suav cov tshuaj lom neeg suav tsis txheeb; txawm tias sib txuas ob lossis peb hom atoms nkaus xwb. Ua ke nrog cov pa roj carbon, oxygen, thiab hydrogen atoms, piv txwv li, tsim cov sib xyaw ua ntau yam xws li qab zib, cov cov glycogen thiab cov qab zib.
Raws li muaj ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg sib xyaw, nws ib txwm ua rau lawv nyob hauv qee txoj hauv kev kom tuaj yeem kawm lawv. Qee pawg tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg sib xyaw inorganic lawv yog ntsev, oxides, acids; nyob rau hauv organic cov protein ntau, cov carbohydrates, cov nucleic acids thiab cov cov rog.
Cov cov khoom ntawm cov tshuaj sib txuas tsis zoo ib yam li cov ntsiab lus uas tsim lawv. Txhua qhov sib xyaw muaj lub npe tshuaj (uas teb rau qee yam kev cai lub npe) thiab cov qauv, qee qhov sib xyaw kuj tau txais lub npe zoo nkauj, xws li tshuaj aspirin (uas yog acetyl salicylic acid). Cov npe ntxim nyiam tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj txiaj ntsig thaum cov molecule loj thiab tsis yooj yim, vim tias nws nyuaj rau npe nws los ntawm kev piav qhia nws hauv cov tshuaj lom neeg.
Cov tshuaj formula Nws qhia txog yam khoom sib sau nws thiab pes tsawg lub atoms ntawm txhua qhov nws muaj. Tias yog vim li cas cov qauv muaj cov tsiaj ntawv, uas yog cov cim cim tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov ntsiab lus, thiab cov lej tom qab txhua lub cim hauv txoj haujlwm sau qis, uas qhia tus lej ntawm atoms. Hauv cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke tag nrho nws cov molecules zoo ib yam.
Cov txuas uas tuav cov atoms hauv cov molecule ua ke tuaj yeem yog covalent lossis ionic. Cov khoom ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke, ib feem, ntawm hom kev cog lus. Boiling thiab melting point, solubility, viscosity, thiab ntom, piv txwv li, yog qee yam ntawm lub cev tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj sib xyaw.
Nws kuj tseem qee zaum tham txog lom yam ntxwv ntawm cov sib txuas, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv kev kho mob thiab chaw muag tshuaj. Yog li, qee qhov sib xyaw muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, lwm tus antipyretic, vasodilator, txo cov leeg nqaij, tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab lwm yam. Txhawm rau paub cov khoom ntawm cov tshuaj sib xyaw nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ua ntau yam kev sim thiab ntsuas.
Nov yog cov npe ntawm cov piv txwv ntawm cov tshuaj sib xyaw (los ntawm lawv cov tshuaj lossis cov npe zoo nkauj)
- Saccharose
- Glycerol
- Sodium hypochlorite
- Nyiaj nitrate
- Calcium carbonate
- Tooj sulphate
- Cov poov tshuaj permanganate
- Nitric kua qaub
- Nitroglycerine
- Cov tshuaj insulin
- Phosphatidylcholine
- Cov kua qaub
- Folic acid
- Vitamin D
- Lysine
- Putrescine
- Cov poov tshuaj iodide
- Triple superphosphate
- Pentachlorophenol
- Hemoglobin
