15 Piv txwv ntawm Chromatography - Phau Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev

Daim Duab: Basics of chromatography | Chemical processes | MCAT | Khan Academy

Zoo Siab

Piv txwv Chromatography
Lwm cov txheej txheem rau kev sib cais sib xyaw

Cov chromatography yog ib txoj kev kev sib cais ntawm kev sib tov complexes dav siv thoob plaws cov ceg ntoo sib txawv ntawm kev tshawb fawb. Ua haujlwm txheej txheem txheej txheem raws li lub hauv paus ntawm kev xaiv khaws cia rau cais cov khoom sib xyaw nyob rau hauv lub xeev siab ntawm kev coj dawb huv, lossis txhawm rau txheeb xyuas lawv hauv kev sib xyaw thiab txiav txim siab lawv qhov kev faib ua feem.

Ua li ntawd, cov chromatography suav nrog nthuav tawm qee yam sib xyaw rau kev txhawb nqa tshwj xeeb (roj, ntawv, a kua nruab nrab, thiab lwm yam) txhawm rau txhawm rau ua kom zoo dua qhov sib txawv hauv qhov nrawm nrawm ntawm txhua qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw, txheeb xyuas lawv los ntawm cov xim xim uas cov khoom sib xyaw ua rau lub sijhawm.

Adsorption (uas tsis nqus) yog qhov sib npaug ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm qhov sib xyaw rau saum npoo ntawm kev txhawb nqa, thiab raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus nqi ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw, cov no tuaj yeem sib cais tau zoo lossis lawv cov concentration feem pua tuaj yeem ntsuas hauv txhua kis.

Txoj kev sib cais no tshwm sim hauv ob theem:

Zoo li qub. Kev sib xyaw yog siv rau qhov kev txhawb nqa tshwj xeeb thiab npaj rau kev ntsuas.
Mobile theem. Lwm cov khoom tau txav mus los ntawm kev txhawb nqa, kom tso nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog cov khoom sib xyaw thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus nqi sib cais lawv.

Ua li no, qee qhov tshuaj lawv yuav nyiam txav mus thiab lwm tus nyob, raws li lawv qhov qub. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav siv kev ua kom zoo nkauj thiab mobile theem ntawm ntau yam kev mob: kua, khoom thiab roj cua.

Saib kuj: Piv txwv ntawm kev sib tov

Piv txwv Chromatography

Tua cawv rau ntawm ntaub ntaub dawb. Raws li cov cawv qhuav hauv kev sib cuag nrog huab cua, ntau yam tshuaj uas sau nws yuav zas xim dawb ntawm cov ntaub sib txawv xim, yog li tso cai rau lawv txheeb xyuas thaum nws ib txwm ua tsis tau.
Hauv kev kuaj ntshav. Chromatography ntawm kev kuaj ntshav feem ntau ua tiav txhawm rau ua tau cais thiab txheeb xyuas cov tshuaj muaj nyob hauv nws, ib txwm pom tsis tau, raws li cov xim lawv xav txog ntawm kev txhawb nqa lossis raug rau lub teeb tshwj xeeb. Xws li yog cov tshuaj lossis cov khoom tshwj xeeb, xws li cawv.
Hauv kev kuaj zis. Cov zis, ntau dua li cov ntshav, yog sib xyaw ntawm ntau yam sib xyaw, qhov muaj lossis tsis muaj uas qhia tau tias lub cev ua haujlwm li cas. Li no, kev sib cais chromatographic tuaj yeem ua tau. mus nrhiav qhov tsis txawv txav, xws li ntshav, ntsev, piam thaj lossis tshuaj.
Kev tshuaj xyuas qhov txhaum cai. Raws li hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab: ntaub, ntaub, ntaub lossis lwm yam kev txhawb nqa raug coj los los saib xyuas kev sib cais ntawm cov tshuaj sib txawv, xws li phev lossis ntshav, uas thaum xub thawj siab ib muag tuaj yeem tsis pom.
Kuaj zaub mov noj. Txij li thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cov khoom noj thaum raug rau chromatographic spectrum tau paub, Nws tuaj yeem pom yog tias muaj qee yam ntawm cov khoom tsis raug lossis cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov kab mob microbial hauv lawv los ntawm cov qauv me me.
Txheeb xyuas cov qib sib kis. Txawm hais tias nyob hauv huab cua lossis dej, qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov tshuaj yaj thiab tsis pom tuaj yeem ntsuas los ntawm tus qauv me me, siv qhov kev txhawb nqa tshwj xeeb uas tso cai sib txawv ntawm cov sib txuas, cia cov dej qhuav, piv txwv.
Kev sim cov kab mob microbiology nyuaj. Cov txheej txheem no tau siv dav los tiv thaiv kab mob xws li Ebola, piv txwv li, vim tias hauv qhov no tso cai rau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob feem ntau thiab tsawg tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm tus kab mob tuag taus.
Petrochemical daim ntawv thov. Chromatography muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev sib cais hydrocarbons ntawm cov roj av thiab nws hloov pauv mus rau ntau yam khoom siv ua kom zoo nkauj, uas muaj qhov sib txawv tsis txaus ntseeg thiab pom tau cov yam ntxwv thiab cov nplaum.
Tshuaj xyuas hluav taws. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab seb puas yog lawv tau ua phem, chromatography ntawm qhov seem feem ntau siv los txiav txim siab qhia pom tias muaj cov tshuaj uas tsis tau npaj tseg uas nws qhov kev tawm tsam txawv ntawm qhov so, raws li qhov tseeb fossil roj.
Kom cais cov inks. Txij li cov inks tau tsim los ntawm ntau yam xim hauv qhov nruab nrab ua kua, nws muaj peev xwm ua tau cais cov xim no los ntawm chromatography thiab qhia qhov sib txawv ntawm txhua tus. Qhov tseeb, nws yog kev sim ib txwm thaum nws los piav qhia cov txheej txheem no, siv cov cim xim.
Kev tshawb nrhiav hluav taws xob. Txij li cov xov tooj cua muaj cov haujlwm sib txawv thiab cov pa tawm ntau dua li cov teeb meem ib txwm muaj, feem ntau lawv tuaj yeem raug txheeb xyuas siv cov txheej txheem no hauv chav kuaj. nthuav tawm cov teeb meem rau cov tshuaj uas qhia qhov hloov pauv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov huv ntawm cov khoom. Cov ntaub ntawv purity siab feem ntau xav tau hauv kev lag luam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov pa roj (nws qhov kev hloov pauv ua rau qhov nyuaj) thiab cov txheej txheem los ntsuas qhov no yog chromatographic kuaj pom qhov seem ntawm lwm yam tshuaj, los ntawm kev siv cov kua theem zoo li qub.
Kev kawm cawv. Hauv kev kuaj pom cov cawv txiv hmab monovarietal, chromatography feem ntau siv los paub yog tias lawv tau sib xyaw nrog lwm yam kab mob, txij li cov no yuav nthuav qhia cov yam ntxwv sib txawv hauv qhov pom muaj qhov sib txawv zoo li qub.
Tswj ntawm kev lag luam distillation ntawm ntsuj plig. Los ntawm cov pa roj chromatography, cov khoom ua tau zoo nyob hauv cov cawv tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas thiab ntsuas (ethanol, methanol, acetaldehyde, acetal, thiab lwm yam), yog li tso cai ua lub luag haujlwm tswj hwm ntawm cov khoom sib tham.
Cov txiv ntseej roj zoo kawm. Chromatography yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tshuaj xyuas thiab kev faib tawm ntawm cov txiv ntseej roj, vim nws muab kev tshawb fawb txog cov roj profile, acidity thiab peroxide tus nqi tam sim no hauv qhov sib xyaw.