25 Piv txwv ntawm Kev Hais Lus Ncaj thiab Tsis Ncaj Ncees - Phau Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev

Daim Duab: Tuag ua Dab vim siab tsis ncaj 10/18/2019

Zoo Siab

Kev hais lus ncaj nraim tau tsim li cas?
Yuav ua li cas tham ncaj qha tsim?
Cov kab lus hais ncaj thiab tsis ncaj
Yuav ua li cas qhia cov lus qhia tense?

Cov hais lus ncaj qha yog ib qho uas qhia txog kev hais tawm lus, siv cov cim hais tseg ("Kuv nqa cawv rau noj hmo," Andrea tshaj tawm.). Cov lus tsis ncaj yog tus uas txhais lus thiab piav qhia qhov uas lwm tus hais, hloov kho nws (Andrea tshaj tawm tias nws yuav nqa cawv rau noj hmo. nws niam ceeb toom tias nws yuav lig).

Kev hais lus ncaj qha thiab tsis ncaj yog txoj hauv kev hais txog lossis qhia lwm cov lus hais hauv ib tus kheej.

Hais ncaj qha. Tus neeg xa ntawv hais lus thiab rov tsim nws cov lus piav qhia. Hauv cov ntawv sau, kev hais lus tau muab tso rau nruab nrab ntawm cov lus hais los yog qhov cim tseg, ua ntej los ntawm txoj hnyuv lossis tom qab los ntawm tus lej. Hauv ob qho tib si, cov lus hais ntawm kev hais lus tau siv. Piv txwv li:

Matilda hais rau kuv tias: “Hnub no peb yuav tsum tham tiag”.
"Maj nroos lossis peb yuav lig," niam hais.

Hais lus ncaj qha. Tus xa ntawv hais cov lus ntawm lwm tus xa ntawv, tab sis tsis yog lus, tab sis txhais lus thiab piav qhia nws hauv nws qhov kev hais lus, tuaj yeem hloov kho qee cov kab lus. Tsis tas li, cov lus piav qhia, cov lus piav qhia, cov lus piav qhia, hom thiab cov lus qhia tense tau hloov pauv. Piv txwv li:

Matilda hais rau kuv tias peb yuav tsum tham tiag hnub ntawd.
Leej niam yws kom nrawm lossis lawv yuav lig.

Kev hais lus ncaj nraim tau tsim li cas?

Kev hais lus ncaj qha yog siv hauv ntaub ntawv los qhia txog kev sib tham ntawm tus cwj pwm. Cov lus hais los yog cov ntawv sib tham tau siv los ua qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kev sib tham thiab lub suab ntawm tus piav dab tsi.

Hauv cov ntawv sau lossis kab ntawv kev kawm, kev hais lus ncaj qha yog siv los qhia cov lus hais ua lus sib dhos, uas suav nrog hauv cov ntawv hauv cov lus hais thiab tom qab ntawd hais hauv cov ntawv ua pov thawj.

Hauv ob qho xwm txheej, cov lus hais ntawm kev hais lus tau siv. Ib txhia yog: hais, qw, qhia meej, nthuav tawm, txhawb nqa, ntxiv, ntxiv, piav qhia, piav qhia, txhim kho, sib piv, nug, sab laj, tsis ntseeg, tiv thaiv, ceeb toom, tshaj tawm.

Yuav ua li cas tham ncaj qha tsim?

Cov kev sib txuas tau siv

Tias. Lawv tau ntxiv los hloov pauv kab lus tshaj tawm ncaj qha mus rau hauv cov neeg tseem ceeb. Piv txwv li: "Kuv tshaib plab," Ramón hais. Ramon hais tias tias nws tshaib plab
Yog lawm. Lawv tau siv los hloov cov lus nug yam tsis muaj npe (cov lus nug kaw). Piv txwv li: Koj puas tau tham nrog kuv? Kuv nug koj Yog lawm nws yog koj uas tau tham nrog kuv.
Cov lus nug nug. Lawv tau khaws cia thaum dhau los ntawm kev hais ncaj ncaj rau kev hais lus ncaj qha. Piv txwv li: ¿Yuav ua li cas npe? Kuv xav tsis thoob thov zam txim hu ua. Nws raug nqi ntau npaum li cas? Kuv xav tsis thoob pes tsawg nws tau them kuv.

Lub sijhawm luv tau yoog raws

Feem ntau, kev hais lus ncaj qha yog siv los qhia qhov uas ib tus neeg tau hais yav dhau los. Yog li ntawd, lawv yuav tsum yoog raws:

Lub sij hawm adverbs. Piv txwv li: ’Nag hmo Kuv tau sawv ", nws hais rau kuv. Nws hais rau kuv tias hnub dhau los nws tau tsaug zog lawm. "Tag kis Peb yuav mus saib yeeb yaj kiab, "Grandma cog lus hnub tom ntej lawv yuav mus ua yeeb yaj kiab.
Tense lus qhia. Piv txwv li:’Kuv tab tom kawm suab paj nruag, "nws hais. Kuv kawm nkauj.

(!) Muaj qee kis uas siv lus tsis raug siv tib lub sijhawm uas tus neeg hais lus nthuav tawm cov kab lus. Hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawd, lub sijhawm yuav tsis raug yoog raws. Piv txwv li: ’Tam sim no Kuv nkees, "Martín hais. Martín hais li ntawd tam sim no yog dhuav.

Spatiality adapts

Tsuas yog hauv qhov xwm txheej uas tus neeg xa ntawv tseem nyob hauv tib qho chaw uas tus neeg xa cov lus hais, qhov kev hais lus tsis tseeb yuav tsum tau hloov pauv:

Adverbs ntawm qhov chaw. Piv txwv li: ’Ntawm no tus dev tsaug zog, "nws piav qhia muaj tus dev tsaug zog.
Qhia ua adjectives. Piv txwv li: ’Sab hnub tuaj Nws yog koj chav, "nws hais rau kuv. Nws hais rau kuv tias tias nws yog kuv chav.

Cov kab lus hais ncaj thiab tsis ncaj

Hais ncaj qha. Juan: "Qhia rau kuv tias tog nyob qhov twg."
Hais lus tsis ncaj. Juan nug kuv kom qhia nws tias tog nyob qhov twg.

Hais ncaj qha. Juliana: "Kuv mus kawm lus Askiv peb hnub hauv ib lub lis piam."
Hais lus tsis ncaj. Juliana qhia meej tias nws tau mus kawm ntawv Askiv peb hnub hauv ib lub lis piam.

Hais ncaj qha. Mariana hais tias "tag kis no kuv yuav mus nrog kuv niam pog ua yeeb yaj kiab,"
Hais lus tsis ncaj Mariana tau tawm tswv yim tias hnub tom qab nws yuav mus ua yeeb yaj kiab nrog nws pog.

Hais ncaj qha. "Puas muaj cov menyuam nyob hauv lub tiaj ua si?" Tus niam nug.
Hais lus tsis ncaj. Leej niam xav paub yog tias cov menyuam tau nyob hauv lub tiaj ua si.

Hais ncaj qha. "Kuv hlub 100 xyoo ntawm Solitude"Tus tub kawm ntawv hais.
Hais lus tsis ncaj. Tus tub ntxhais kawm hais tias nws nyiam nws 100 xyoo ntawm Solitude.

Hais ncaj qha. Tus tub hlob hais tias, "Kuv tau npaj qee cov qhaub cij tsis noj nqaij rau tag kis."
Hais lus tsis ncaj. Tus tub hlob hais tias nws tau npaj qee cov qhaub cij rau hnub tom ntej.

Hais ncaj qha. "Kuv vam tias tus kws kho hniav tuaj yeem pom kuv nyob rau lub sijhawm no," tus ntxhais hluas hais.
Hais lus ncaj qha. Tus poj niam hluas hais tias nws vam tias tus kws kho hniav tuaj yeem pom nws thaum lub sijhawm ntawd.

Hais ncaj qha. "Vam tias tus kws qhia ntawv tau kho qhov kev xeem," Román hais.
Hais lus tsis ncaj. Román tau tawm tswv yim tias kuv xav kom tus kws qhia ntawv tau kho cov ntawv xeem.

Hais ncaj qha. "Nag hmo kuv tau mus noj hmo nrog kuv niam tais yawm txiv," Martina hais.
Hais lus tsis ncaj. Martina hais tias hnub ua ntej nws tau mus noj hmo nrog nws pog thiab yawg.

Hais ncaj qha. "Hnub no kuv muaj ntau txoj kev cog lus," tus thawj coj hais meej.
Hais lus tsis ncaj. Tus thawj coj tau hais meej tias nws tau cog lus ntau hnub ntawd.

Hais ncaj qha. Tus kws qhia rov qab hais tias: "Tag kis peb yuav pom cov ntaub ntawv hais txog Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob."
Hais lus ncaj qha. Tus kws qhia ntawv nco qab tias hnub tom ntej lawv yuav pom cov ntaub ntawv hais txog Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II.

Hais ncaj qha. "Qhov no yog kuv tus npawg Juanito," Antonio hais.
Hais lus tsis ncaj. Antonio hais tias yog nws tus npawg Juanito.

Hais ncaj qha. "Ntawm no peb yuav koj niam," nws txiv hais rau nws.
Hais lus tsis ncaj. Nws txiv hais rau nws tias nyob ntawd nws tau sib yuav nws niam.

Hais ncaj qha. "Leej twg tham nrog kuv?" Nug tus kws qhia.
Hais lus ncaj qha. Tus kws qhia ntawv nug leej twg tau tham nrog nws.

Hais ncaj qha. "Dab tsi hla koj lub taub hau?" Tus ntxhais hluas nug nws txiv.
Hais lus tsis ncaj. Tus ntxhais hluas nug nws txiv tias nws xav li cas.

Hais ncaj qha. "Koj lub tsev nyob qhov twg?" Tus tub ceev xwm nug tus ntxhais.
Hais lus ncaj qha. Tub ceev xwm nug tus ntxhais tias nws lub tsev nyob qhov twg.

Hais ncaj qha. "Koj puas tau hu kuv rau tag kis no?" Nug tus tub hluas uas xav paub.
Hais lus tsis ncaj. Tus tub hluas xav paub nws yog tias nws tau hu nws thaum sawv ntxov.

Hais ncaj qha. "Koj xav li cas?" Nug tus kws kho mob.
Hais lus tsis ncaj. Tus kws kho mob nug nws seb nws xav li cas.

Hais ncaj qha. "Hnub twg qhov kev sim pib?" Nug tus kws lij choj.
Hais lus ncaj qha. Tus kws hais plaub nug hnub twg lub rooj sib hais pib.

Hais ncaj qha. "Kuv tau kawm lus Italis txij thaum kuv tseem yog menyuam yaus," tus ntxhais piav.
Hais lus tsis ncaj. Tus ntxhais piav tias nws tau kawm lus Italis txij thaum nws tseem yog menyuam yaus.

Hais ncaj qha. "Kuv tsis nyiam zaj yeeb yaj kiab no," tus tub hluas hais.
Hais lus tsis ncaj. Tus tub hluas hais tias nws tsis nyiam zaj yeeb yaj kiab ntawd.

Hais ncaj qha. "Kuv twb tau kawm txaus lawm," Esteban hais rau nws txiv.
Hais lus ncaj qha. Esteban hais rau nws txiv tias hnub ua ntej nws twb tau kawm txaus lawm.

Hais ncaj qha. Tus ntxhais hais tias "Kuv vam tias cov ntxhais xav tuaj hla dej tshuaj yej yav tav su no,"
Hais lus tsis ncaj. Tus ntxhais hais tias nws xav kom cov ntxhais xav mus rau tshuaj yej thaum tav su.

Hais ncaj qha. "Kuv vam tias tus kws kho mob tau muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb," tus neeg mob hais.
Hais lus tsis ncaj. Tus neeg mob hais tias nws vam tias tus kws kho mob yuav muaj cov txiaj ntsig ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb.

Hais ncaj qha. "Nag hmo kuv tau mus rau kws txiav plaub hau," tus poj niam hais.
Hais lus tsis ncaj. Tus poj niam hais tias hnub ua ntej nws tau mus rau cov kws tu plaub hau.

Yuav ua li cas qhia cov lus qhia tense?

Thaum hais txog kev hais lus tau hais yav dhau los, cov lus hais hauv qab no tau hloov kho hauv qab no:

Tseem ceeb → yav dhau los tsis zoo subjunctive. Piv txwv li: "Muab rau kuv ib yam dab tsi haus, "nws hais. muab Tej yam haus.
Tam sim no qhia → yav dhau los tsis zoo qhia. Piv txwv li: ’Tswv yim ncaws pob ob zaug hauv ib lub lis piam, "nws hais. xyaum ncaws pob ob zaug ib lub lim tiam.
Yav tom ntej tsis zoo qhia -yooj yim raws li. Piv txwv li: "Hnub no kuv yuav noj hmo ntses, "nws hais rau peb. Nws hais rau peb hnub ntawd yuav noj hmo.
Yav tom ntej zoo meej taw qhia → compound conditional. Piv txwv li: "Kuv paub yuav tsaug zog lawm", nws xav txog. yuav poob tsaug zog.
Yav dhau los tsis muaj hnub xaus → yav dhau los qhia tau zoo. Piv txwv li: "Kuv saj chocolate ncuav mog qab zib ", nws paub tseeb tau nyiam Cov ncuav mog qab zib chocolate.
Yav dhau los qhia tau zoo → yav dhau los qhia tau zoo. Piv txwv li: "Kuv tau mus ncig sab qab teb ntawm kev lag luam, "nws hais rau peb. Nws hais rau peb tau mus ncig sab qab teb ntawm kev lag luam.
Tam sim no subjunctive -tsis zoo subjunctive. Piv txwv li: "Kuv xav cov me nyuam xav mus mus rau lub tiaj ua si, "nws hais. Nws hais vam tias cov menyuam lawv xav mus mus rau lub tiaj ua si.
Yav dhau los zoo kawg subjunctive → yav dhau los zoo meej subjunctive. Piv txwv li: "Kuv vam tias kuv niam thiab txiv yuav muaj kev lom zem ntawm tog, "nws hais rau kuv. Nws hais rau kuv tias nws vam tias nws niam thiab txiv yuav lawv yuav muaj kev lom zem ntawm tog.

Cov lus qhia uas tsis tau hloov pauv thaum lawv dhau mus rau kev hais lus ncaj qha yog:

Qhia tsis tau. Piv txwv li: ’Sang zoo dua thaum kuv yog hluas nkauj, "nws hais rau kuv. Nws hais rau kuv tias hu nkauj zoo dua thaum kuv yog ntxhais.
Tsis zoo subjunctive. Piv txwv li: "Kuv xav tau qhov ntawd yuav pab ntau, "nws lees txim. Nws lees txim tias nws xav tau yuav pab ntxiv
Yav tag los qhia tau zoo. Piv txwv li: ’Yuav tsum kuv tus kws qhia ntawv, "Carmen hais. Carmen hais li ntawd tau yog nws tus kws qhia ntawv
Yav dhau los zoo meej subjunctive. Piv txwv li: "Nws koj yuav tau xav ua ntej, "xaus nws txiv. Nws txiv xaus tias nws Kuv yuav tau xav ua ntej
Yooj yim raws txoj cai. Piv txwv li: ’Yuav nyob ntawm lub roob yog kuv tuaj yeem ua tau, "nws lees txim yuav nyob ntawm lub roob yog kuv ua tau.
Zoo meej conditiontal. Piv txwv li: "Kuv yuav nkag siab zoo dua yog tias koj piav qhia rau kuv," nws yws. Nws yws tias nws yuav nkag siab zoo dua yog tias nws piav qhia rau nws.