30 Piv txwv ntawm Monopolies thiab Oligopolies - Phau Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev

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Cov yam ntxwv Monopoly
Cov yam ntxwv Oligopoly
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm monopoly thiab oligopoly
Piv txwv ntawm monopolies
Piv txwv ntawm oligopolies

Cov txoj cai thiab cov oligopoly lawv yog kev lag luam kev lag luam (cov ntsiab lus uas sib pauv khoom thiab kev pabcuam ntawm cov tib neeg ua qhov chaw) uas tshwm sim thaum muaj kev sib tw tsis zoo hauv khw. Hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm kev sib tw tsis zoo, tsis muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm cov khoom thiab xav tau los txiav txim siab tus nqi ntawm cov khoom lossis cov kev pabcuam.

Monopoly. Tus qauv kev lag luam uas muaj ib tus neeg tsim khoom, faib khoom lossis muag khoom ntawm qhov zoo lossis kev pabcuam. Hauv kev tswj hwm, cov neeg siv khoom tsis tuaj yeem xaiv qhov zoo lossis kev pabcuam, vim tias tsis muaj kev sib tw.
Piv txwv li: De Deers ruaj khov (kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam ntawm pob zeb diamond) tswj tau ntau caum xyoo kev tsim khoom thiab tus nqi ntawm pob zeb diamond thoob ntiaj teb.
Oligopoly. Tus qauv kev lag luam uas muaj tsawg tus tsim khoom, xa tawm lossis muag khoom ntawm cov peev txheej muab, zoo lossis pabcuam. Cov tswv lag luam ntawm oligopoly feem ntau koom tes thiab cuam tshuam rau ib leeg txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev sib tw ntau ntxiv los ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv khw.
Piv txwv li: Pepsi thiab Coca - Cola tus kheej, hauv qee lub tebchaws, yuav luag tag nrho cov dej qab zib lag luam.

Nws tuaj yeem pab koj: Monopsony thiab oligopsony

Hauv ob qho qauv, muaj cov teeb meem nkag mus uas nyuaj heev kom kov yeej rau cov tuam txhab lossis pab pawg sim nkag mus rau hauv kev ua lag luam. Qhov no tuaj yeem yog vim muaj teeb meem kom tau txais cov peev txheej, tus nqi siv tshuab, tsoomfwv cov cai.

Cov yam ntxwv Monopoly

Lub sij hawm los ntawm Greek qhia rau peb paub: "ib thiab poléin: cov "muag".
Kev sib tw tsis zoo, cov neeg siv khoom lossis cov neeg siv khoom raug yuam kom xaiv tsuas yog ib qho kev xaiv.
Lub tuam txhab tswj hwm kev tsim khoom thiab teeb tsa tus nqi los ntawm nws lub zog kev lag luam txij li, ua lub tuam txhab nkaus xwb muab, tus nqi tsis tau teeb tsa los ntawm kev muab khoom thiab xav tau.
Qhov ua rau feem ntau yog: kev yuav khoom lossis koom ua ke ntawm cov tuam txhab; cov nqi tsim khoom, uas txhais tau tias tsuas yog tus tsim khoom tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom lag luam lossis tau txais cov peev txheej ntuj; cov tuam txhab hla tebchaws uas nthuav lawv cov ciam teb mus rau lwm lub tebchaws; ntawv tso cai los ntawm tsoomfwv rau ib lub tuam txhab.
Ntau lub tebchaws muaj cai lij choj tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev tswj hwm kev lag luam thiab txwv cov neeg siv kev ywj pheej ntawm kev xaiv.
Lawv yuav lossis tsis siv cov peev txheej lag luam txij li lawv tswj hwm tag nrho cov kev thov.
Muaj lub ntuj tsim teb raug thaum, vim tus nqi qis, nws yooj yim rau ib lub tuam txhab los tsim txhua qhov kev tsim khoom. Feem ntau lawv muab kev pabcuam tshwj xeeb thiab raug tswj los ntawm tsoomfwv. Piv txwv li: kev pabcuam hluav taws xob, kev pabcuam roj, kev pabcuam tsheb nqaj hlau.

Cov yam ntxwv Oligopoly

Lub sij hawm los ntawm Greek oligo: cov "few" thiab poléin cov: "muag".
Muaj kev sib tw ntau dua li kev tswj hwm, txawm hais tias nws tsis suav tias yog kev sib tw tiag, txij li kev lag luam khoom lag luam tau tswj hwm los ntawm hom tuam txhab no uas, tag nrho, tswj tsawg kawg 70% ntawm tag nrho kev ua lag luam.
Kev pom zoo feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm cov tuam txhab tshwj xeeb rau cov khoom ib yam, qhov no tso cai rau lawv los tswj kev lag luam thiab muaj lub zog txaus los tswj tus nqi thiab kev tsim khoom.
Siv kev lag luam thiab tshaj tawm cov peev txheej.
Nws tuaj yeem dhau los ua kev tswj hwm hauv ib cheeb tsam lossis thaj chaw uas nws tsis muaj lwm tus neeg sib tw muab cov khoom lossis kev pabcuam tib yam.
Muaj ob hom: sib txawv oligopoly, nrog tib yam tab sis muaj ntau yam khoom, nrog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov zoo lossis tsim; thiab mloog zoo oligopoly, tib cov khoom lag luam nrog cov yam ntxwv zoo ib yam.
Muaj lub ntuj oligopoly thaum tsim khoom loj ua rau kev lag luam tsis muaj txiaj ntsig rau cov tuam txhab me.

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm monopoly thiab oligopoly

Monopoly thiab oligopoly feem ntau ua rau kev lag luam tsis zoo thiab ua rau lub zog ntawm kev lag luam tsis muaj zog. Qhov tsis muaj kev sib tw tiag tuaj yeem tsim qhov tsis muaj kev hloov pauv tshiab lossis txhim kho cov kev pabcuam los ntawm cov tuam txhab.

Hauv cov qauv no tus tsim khoom muaj txhua qhov kev tswj hwm thiab muaj kev pheej hmoo tsawg heev. Cov neeg siv khoom poob vim tias tsis muaj kev sib tw lossis kev sib tw tsis ncaj ncees ua rau nce tus nqi thiab txo qis hauv kev tsim khoom.

Piv txwv ntawm monopolies

Microsoft. Multinational technology tuam txhab.
Telmex. Mexican xov tooj tuam txhab.
Saudi Arambo. Saudi Arabian xeev cov tuam txhab roj.
NiSource Inc. Cov tuam txhab roj thiab hluav taws xob hauv Tebchaws Meskas.
Facebook. Kev pabcuam social media.
Aysa. Argentine pej xeem khiav dej tuam txhab.
Xov tooj. Multinational telecommunications tuam txhab.
Telecom. Argentina lub tuam txhab kev sib txuas lus.
Google. Feem ntau siv tshawb nrhiav lub vev xaib.
Manzana. Cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob thiab software tuam txhab.
Pemex. Mexico lub xeev cov roj tsim khoom.
Peb. Kev siv cov mines Mexican.
Televisa. Mexican xov xwm.

Piv txwv ntawm oligopolies

Pepsico. Lub tuam txhab khoom noj thiab dej haus ntau haiv neeg.
Nestle. Lub tuam txhab khoom noj thiab dej haus ntau haiv neeg.
Kellogg tus. Multinational agri-zaub mov tuam txhab.
Danone. Fabkis lub tuam txhab ua zaub mov noj.
Nike. Cov khoom lag luam tsim khoom thiab tsim khoom lag luam.
Bimbo pab pawg. Multinational bakery.
Visa. Kev pabcuam nyiaj txiag ntau haiv neeg.
Mc Donald tus. American saw ntawm cov khw muag khoom noj ceev.
Qhov tiag. Fabkis cov tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab tshuaj tsw qab tuam txhab.
Mars. Ntau haiv neeg tsim khoom noj khoom haus.
Mondeléz. Lub tuam txhab khoom noj thiab dej haus ntau haiv neeg.
Intel. Cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob sib xyaw.
Walmart. Khw thiab supermarkets.
Unilever. Ntau tus neeg tsim khoom noj khoom haus, kev nyiam huv thiab khoom tu tus kheej.
Procter & Twv Txiaj (P&G). Ntau tus neeg tsim khoom noj khoom haus, kev nyiam huv thiab khoom tu tus kheej.
Lala Group. Lub tuam txhab zaub mov Mev.
AB inbev. Ntau lub chaw tsim khoom ntawm npias thiab dej haus.