![Acidic and Basic Oxides and Hydroxides](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/JZymzk6qoRU/hqdefault.jpg)
Zoo Siab
Cov yooj yim oxides, tseem hu ua hlau oxides, yog cov uas sib xyaw cov pa nrog cov hlau. Txij li cov pa oxygen zoo heev electronegative thiab cov hlau yog electropositive, cov nyiaj uas tau tsim yog ionic.
Cov cov qauv mis uas sawv cev rau txhua qhov yooj yim oxides yog XO, qhov twg X yog cov xim hlau thiab O cov pa. Txhua ntawm cov no tuaj yeem ua raws cov ntawv sau (feem ntau 2 lossis 3), uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib pauv qhov muaj txiaj ntsig (uas yog, cov hlau nrog cov pa oxygen).
Nomenclature ntawm yooj yim oxides
Tsoos nomenclature: Cov txheej txheem txheej txheem oxide muaj npe ua ntej hais txog lo lus "oxide of" thiab tom qab ntawd lub npe ntawm cov khoom siv hlau, lossis "oxide" ua raws los ntawm adjective uas yog lub npe ntawm cov khoom siv hlau uas muaj cov lus sib txawv, raws li tau hais hauv qab no:
- Hauvhlau uas muaj ib hom valence xwb (raws li sodium lossis calcium), ib feem ntawm cov hlau tau tsim ua cov lus esdrújula nrog qhov xaus "ico".
- Hauv cov hlau uas muaj tam sim no ob hom valence (zoo li tooj liab lossis mercury), yog tias cov oxide cuam tshuam nrog qhov qis tshaj, lub npe hlau tau ntxiv nrog cov ntawv txuas ntxiv "dais" thiab nws yog lo lus hnyav. Yog tias nws cuam tshuam nrog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws, lub npe hlau tau ntxiv nrog cov ntawv ntxiv "ico" thiab nws yog lo lus esdrújula.
- Thaum muaj peb tau valences (zoo li chromium), yog tias cov oxide cuam tshuam nrog qhov qis tshaj, lub npe hlau tau ntxiv nrog cov ntawv ua ntej "hiccup" thiab cov ntawv txuas ntxiv "dais", thiab nws yog lo lus hnyav. Thaum nws cuam tshuam nrog qhov muaj nuj nqis nruab nrab, cov hlau muaj npe nrog qhov xaus "dais" thiab nws tseem yog lo lus hnyav, tab sis yog tias nws cuam tshuam nrog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig siab tshaj, qhov xaus yog "ico" thiab nws yog lo lus sdrújula.
- Cov hlau nws muaj plaub tau valences (zoo li manganese), cov phiaj xwm zoo ib yam li yav dhau los rau thawj peb, tab sis thaum cov hlau sib xyaw ua ke rau hauv cov oxide nrog plaub thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws, lub npe hlau tau ntxiv nrog cov ntawv ua ntej "ib" thiab suffix "ico", thiab nws yog lo lus esdrújula.
Nomenclature ntawmTshuag: Hauv qab lub npe no, oxides tau sau thiab muaj npe ua "oxide ntawm" + cov xim hlau + Roman tus lej hauv kab lus, uas qhia txog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig uas cov xim hlau sib cuam tshuam nrog oxygen.
Systematic nomenclature: Tam sim no nws yog qhov nyiam los ntawm IUPAC(International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry), lub tswv yim ntawm lub npe lawv li "oxides of" tau tswj hwm, tab sis ua qhov tseeb los ntawm kev ntxiv cov txheej txheem Greek ua ntej uas sib xws rau tus lej ntawm cov pa atoms (rau lo lus "oxide") thiab cov hlau atoms (rau lub npe hlau) uas txhua tus qauv muaj, siv cov lus "ntawm" ua tus choj.
Cov txheej txheem oxides yooj yim suav tsis txheeb hauv kev siv tshuaj, xim, khoom siv hauv tsev, yas, thiab lwm yam lag luam.
Piv txwv ntawm cov yooj yim oxides
Dial txhuas trioxide | manganous hlau |
cobalt hlau | Cov tshuaj permanganic oxide |
khob oxide | cov tshuaj calcium oxide |
hypochromic hlau | zinc hlau |
hlau oxide | chrome hlau oxide |
hlau oxide | chromic hlau |
magnesium oxide hmoov | mercuric hlau oxide |
plua plav | dimanganese trioxide tshuaj |
zoo oxide | dicobalt trioxide tshuaj |
zoo oxide | titanium dioxide |
Lwm hom oxides:
- Hlau oxides
- Tsis-Nws yog xim hlau Oxides
- Cov tshuaj Oxides