Txhawm rau tsim cov molecules ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg sib txuas, cov atoms ntawm cov tshuaj sib txawv lossis cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum sib koom ua ke kom ruaj khov, thiab qhov no tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv ntau txoj hauv kev los ntawm kev tsim txiaj ntsig ntawm cov yam ntxwv uas txhua lub atom muaj, uas, raws li peb paub, suav nrog cov nucleus zoo uas nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm huab ntawm cov hluav taws xob.
Electrons raug them tsis zoo thiab nyob ze rau ntawm cov keeb vim tias electromagnetic quab yuam nyiam lawv. Qhov ze ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob yog mus rau lub nucleus, ntau zog lub zog xav tau kom nws tso tawm.
Tab sis tsis yog txhua lub ntsiab lus zoo ib yam: qee qhov muaj lub siab xav plam cov hluav taws xob sab nraud ntawm huab (cov ntsiab lus nrog lub zog ionization tsawg), thaum lwm tus yuav nyiam ntes lawv (cov ntsiab lus nrog cov hluav taws xob siab sib xws). Qhov no tshwm sim vim raws li txoj cai Lewis octet, kev ruaj ntseg yog cuam tshuam nrog kev muaj 8 lub tshuab hluav taws xob nyob hauv lub plhaub sab nraud lossis sab hauv, yam tsawg kawg hauv feem ntau.
Ces li cas tej zaum yuav poob lossis tau txais hluav taws xob, ions ntawm tus nqi sib txawv tuaj yeem tsim tau, thiab kev nyiam electrostatic nruab nrab ntawm cov ions ntawm kev them rov qab ua rau cov no koom ua ke thiab tsim cov tshuaj sib txuas yooj yim, uas ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus muab electrons thiab lwm qhov tau txais lawv. Yog li qhov no tuaj yeem tshwm sim thiab a ionic daim ntawv cog lus nws yog qhov tsim nyog uas muaj qhov sib txawv los yog delta ntawm electronegativity ntawm cov ntsiab lus koom nrog tsawg kawg 1.7.
Cov ionic daim ntawv cog lus feem ntau tshwm sim nruab nrab ntawm cov hlau sib xyaw thiab cov uas tsis yog xim hlau: cov hlau atom muab ib lossis ntau lub tshuab hluav taws xob thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau tsim cov txiaj ntsig zoo ions (cations), thiab cov hlau tsis tau txais lawv thiab dhau los ua qhov tsis zoo them nqi (anion). Lub ntiaj teb alkali thiab alkaline hlau yog cov ntsiab lus uas zoo li tsim cations tshaj plaws, thiab halogens thiab oxygen feem ntau yog cov anions.
Feem ntau, sib txuas uas tau tsim los ntawm cov ntawv cog lus ionic yog khib nyiab ntawm chav sov thiab siab melting point, soluble hauv dej. Hauv kev daws lawv zoo heev zoo conductors ntawm hluav taws xobraws li lawv muaj zog electrolytes. Lub zog ntawm lub lattice ntawm cov khoom ionic yog qhov cim tias muaj zog txaus nyiam ntawm cov ions ntawm cov khoom ntawd.
Nws tuaj yeem pab koj:
- Piv txwv ntawm Covalent Bonds
- Magnesium oxide hmoov (MgO)
- Tooj sulphate (CuSO4)
- Cov poov tshuaj iodide (KI)
- Zinc hydroxide (Zn (OH) 2)
- Sodium tshuaj dawb (NaCl)
- Nyiaj nitrate (AgNO3)
- Lithium tshuaj fluoride (LiF)
- Magnesium chloride (MgCl2)
- Potassium hydroxide (KOJ)
- Calcium nitrate (Ca (NO3) 2)
- Calcium phosphate (Ca3 (PO4) 2)
- Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7)
- Disodium phosphate hmoov (Na2HPO4)
- Hlau sulfide (Fe2S3)
- Cov tshuaj potassium bromide (KBr)
- Calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
- Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO)
- Cov poov tshuaj sulfate (K2SO4)
- Manganese tshuaj dawb (MnCl2)
