Zoo thiab Tsis Zoo Catalysts

Zoo Siab

• Piv txwv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo
• Piv txwv ntawm qhov tsis zoo catalyst

Nws yog hu ua catalysis mus rau txheej txheem tshuaj ntawm Ua kom nrawm lossis qeeb qeeb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj, los ntawm kev ntxiv cov khoom lossis cov khoom, ob qho yooj yim thiab sib xyaw, uas hloov lub sijhawm tshuaj tiv thaiv yam tsis cuam tshuam qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov khoom kawg ntawm tib yam thiab, ntxiv mus, tsis poob nws tus kheej qhov hnyav hauv cov txheej txheem, uas nws tshwm sim nrog cov tshuaj reagents.

Lub caij no hu ua catalyst. Txhua qhov tshuaj lom neeg muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tsim nyog, uas tuaj yeem ua kom nrawm, ua kom nrov nrov lossis txhim kho (zoo catalyst), lossis hloov pauv qeeb, txo qis thiab ua kom tsis muaj zog (tsis zoo catalyst) koj cov txheej txheem. Cov tom kawg feem ntau hu ua inhibitors.

Saib kuj: Piv txwv ntawm Catalysts (thiab lawv cov haujlwm)

Piv txwv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo

1. Kub. Cov tshuaj lom neeg feem ntau tuaj yeem ua kom nrawm dua yam tsis hloov lawv cov khoom, tsuas yog los ntawm kev nce ntxiv kub ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nruab nrab. Vim li no lub decomposition ntawm tus teeb meem tshwm sim sai tshaj plaws nyob hauv tropics.
2. Enzymes. Ib txwm cais los ntawm lub cev ntawm cov neeg muaj sia, cov enzymes ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb catalytic, ua kom cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb uas, yog tias lawv tshwm sim ntawm lawv tus kheej, yuav xav tau qhov kub uas feem ntau tsis sib xws nrog lub neej. (saib: digestive enzymes)
3. Palladium catalysts. Rau cov tsheb uas siv cov roj av tsis muaj roj, cov kav dej nrog palladium lossis platinum hauv cov khoom me me ua raws li lub tsheb tso tawm, lawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txo qis cov pa roj carbon monoxide thiab lwm cov pa lom ntawm kev sib txuas, tso cai txo lawv tshuaj tsis txaus ntshai nyob rau lub sijhawm teev tseg.
4. Cov tshuaj fluorine. Lawv ua kom nrawm ntawm kev zom zaws ntawm ozone (O₃ + O + OS₂) hauv cov pa oxygen, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas ib txwm qeeb. Qhov no yog teeb meem ntawm cov tshuaj aerosols thiab cov tub yees txias uas tso CFCs rau hauv huab cua: lawv ua rau txheej txheej ozone hauv qhov kev nkag siab no.
5. Magnesium dioxide (MnO₂). Ib qho catalyst nquag hauv kev decomposition ntawm Hydrogen Peroxide lossis hydrogen peroxide (2H₂LOS YOG₂ → 2 H.₂O + Ua₂) hauv dej thiab oxygen.
6. Npib tsib xee. Siv hauv hydrogenation ntawm cov roj zaub, kom tau margarine, raws li cov hlau no ua kom cov txheej txheem kom tau txais cov lipid ntau.
7. Nyiaj. Polycrystalline nyiaj thiab nanoporose yog cov ua kom nrawm ntawm cov pa roj carbon dioxide (CO₂) los ntawm electrocatalysis.
8. Aluminium chloride. Cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv kev lag luam petrochemical kev lag luam kom nrawm tsim cov khoom siv hluavtaws lossis cov roj nplua nyeem, yam tsis hloov pauv qhov muag ntawm hydrocarbons hauv nqe lus nug, txij li nws muaj acidic thiab cov khoom siv yooj yim tib lub sijhawm (cov tshuaj amphoteric).
9. Cov hlau. Nws tau siv los ua cov txheej txheem hauv Haber-Bosch txheej txheem kom tau txais ammonia los ntawm hydrogen thiab nitrogen.
10. UV teeb. Ultraviolet lub teeb, nrog rau a tshwj xeeb catalyst, ua kom photocatalysis: kev nrawm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm catalyst qhib los ntawm lub teeb ci ntawm ultraviolet.

Piv txwv ntawm qhov tsis zoo catalyst

1. Kub. Ib yam li qhov nce ntawm qhov kub ceev ua rau txheej txheem tshuaj, qhov txo qis hauv nws qeeb lawv. Qhov no yog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm tub yees, piv txwv li, uas ua rau lub neej nyob ntev ntawm cov zaub mov los ntawm kev khaws nws ntawm qhov kub tsawg.
2. Citric kua qaub. Cov kua qaub ntawm txiv qaub thiab lwm yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo citrus ua rau cov txheej txheem oxidation ntawm cov cov khoom siv organic.
3. Enzyme inhibitors. Cov tshuaj lom neeg uas khi rau cov enzymes thiab txo lawv cov haujlwm, kom tsis txhob muaj tshuaj lom lossis txheej txheem lom. Lawv feem ntau siv los tawm tsam pathogenic microorganisms, txwv tsis pub qee qhov txheej txheem tseem ceeb rau nws kev luam tawm.
4. Poov tshuaj chlorate. Siv nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem xiav, uas cov hlau nplaum hlau nplaum tau ua kom qeeb lossis tiv thaiv nws cov txheej txheem xeb.
5. Sorbic acid. Cov tshuaj khaws cia ntuj siv hauv kev lag luam khoom noj kom qeeb cov zom zaub mov.
6. Tetraethyl hmoov. Nyob rau tam sim no defunct leaded roj av, cov khoom no tau siv los ua antiknock, uas yog, txhawm rau tiv thaiv nws qhov tawg ntxov.
7. Propanoic acid. Cov xim tsis muaj xim, ua xeb nrog cov ntxhiab tsw, nws haum rau khaws cia zaub mov, khoom noj thiab khoom lag luam tshuaj, vim nws yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob muaj zog thiab tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm pwm.
8. Sulfur thiab derivatives. Cov tebchaw no ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob catalysis zoo ntawm cov hmoov platinum lossis npib tsib xee hauv cov tshuaj hydrogenation. Cov tsos ntawm leej faj nres cov nyhuv thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rov rau nws qhov nrawm.
9. Hydrocyanic (los yog prussic) acid. Tshuaj lom ntau, nws cuam tshuam rau tsiaj lossis tib neeg cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem ntawm ntau cov metalloenzymes, yog li tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm ntawm tes thiab ua rau tuag nyob hauv ob peb feeb.
10. Mercury, phosphorus, lossis arsenic vapor. Cov tshuaj no tshem tawm qhov ua tiav ntawm platinum asbestos hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj sulfuric acid, ua lub zog tiv thaiv kab mob.