Cov cov alkynes los yog acetylenic hydrocarbons yog hydrocarbons tus yam ntxwv los ntawm qhov muaj cov pa roj carbon-carbon triple bond. Non-cyclic alkynes teb rau cov qauv molecular CnH2n-2 ib. Lawv muaj qib ntawm kev tsim txawm tias siab dua li ntawm alkenes.
Ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov alkynes qhia qhov tseeb tias lawv yog qis polarity sib txuasyog li ntawd insoluble hauv dej, tab sis haum haum hauv cov kuab tshuaj organic xws li ether, benzene, lossis carbon tetrachloride.
Covkub thiab yaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm alkynes zoo ib yam li cov alkanes lossis alkenes ntawm cov lej sib npaug. Ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov kev hloov pauv hauv lub cev no, uas muaj cov naj npawb ntawm cov pa roj carbon thiab muaj cov ceg ntoo hauv cov saw (uas hloov pauv hauv tib txoj kev), yog qhov pom tau ntau dua.
Qhov yooj yim alkyne yog acetylene, lawv ua raws li propylene (los yog lus qhia) thiab butino, uas tuaj yeem yog 1-butyne (triple bond ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov molecule) lossis 2-butyne (triple bond ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov molecule). Peb tus no yog cov nkev; cov uas muaj tus lej siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov pa roj carbon atoms yog kua los yog khoom.
Zoo ib yam li alkenes, triple bonds uas yog tus yam ntxwv alkynes muab rau lawv tshuaj lom neeg zoo heev cov tshuaj no thiab ua rau lawv nquag ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntxiv (hydrogen, halogens, dej, thiab lwm yam) thiab lwm yam. Txawm li cas los xij, peb daim ntawv cog lus uas koom nrog ib qho carbon atom nrog lwm qhov tsis sib xws: ib qho ntawm lawv (uas yog hu ua sigma bond) muaj zog dua thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb rau kev koom tes. Qhov sib xyaw ua ke tuaj yeem tshwm sim kom muaj ob daim ntawv cog lus lossis tsuas yog ib leeg nkaus xwb.
Cov sib xyaw uas muaj qhov sib npaug peb npaug ntawm ib kawg ntawm cov saw hlau raug hu davhlau ya nyob twg alkynes; Cov sib txuas no yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm lawv cov cim acidity. Qhov tseeb, dav hlau alkynes yog cov kua qaub uas yooj yim tshaj plaws. Qhov ntev ntawm cov pa roj carbon atoms hauv daim ntawv cog lus yog 1.20 amstrongs (txawm tias luv dua li ntawm alkenes ─1.34 amstrongs─- thiab tias alkanes ─1.54 amstrongs─). Ib leeg, ob npaug thiab triple carbon-carbon cov ntawv cog lus tuaj yeem sib koom ua ke hauv tib cov qauv. Thaum qhov no tshwm sim, cov hydrocarbon tau raug hu ua alkyne thiab txoj haujlwm ntawm ob daim ntawv cog lus tau qhia nrog qhov xaus "ene", ntxig rau qhov tsim nyog
Piv txwv ntawm alkynes tau teev tseg hauv qab no:
- ethyne (acetylene)
- taub
- 2- pentine
- 2-butyne cov
- 1-butyne cov
- Lub Kaum Hli 3
- 2 -nco
- Methyl acetylene
- Ethyl acetylene
- 1-ene-4-hexyne
- Cov tshuaj propyl acetylene
- Terbutyl acetylene hmoov
- 6,6-diethyl-4-noniino
- 5,6-dimethyl-3-heptin
- 3,3-diethyl-3,5-nonadiino
- cyclobutine
- 3-ethyl -5-ethynylhepta-1,6-diino
- 5-methyl-2-hexyne
- 3,5,7-decatriino
- 6-methyl-2,4-heptadiino
