Cov khoom siv sib xyaw

Zoo Siab

• Hom khoom siv sib xyaw
• Piv txwv ntawm cov khoom siv sib xyaw

Covcov khoom siv sib xyaw yog cov uas tau tsim los ntawm ob lossis ntau qhov sib txawv lossis cov tshuaj, uas nws ua ke muab cov teeb meem tshwm sim los ntawm cov yam ntxwv sib koom ntawm nws cov khoom, uas yog, cov ntawm ob yam khoom qub nyob rau tib lub sijhawm.

Qhov no tso cai xaiv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo nrog cov yam ntxwv tsis txawv ntawm qhov nruj, lub teeb, tsis kam, kev siv hluav taws xob, corrosion kuj, thiab lwm yam.

Feem ntau cov sib xyaw yog artificially tsim los ntawm tus txiv neej, txawm hais tias qee qhov yuav tshwm sim hauv qhov xwm txheej, cov khoom lag luam ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tsiaj muaj sia. Thiab ntau qhov lawv yog cov ntaub ntawv uas tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev siv tshuaj lom neeg ntawm lawv cov khoom.

Feem ntau, cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke yog ua los ntawm:

• Muaj ob lossis ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm lub cev tab sis cov khoom siv sib cais sib txawv.
• Qhia ob peb qib sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj (cov ntsiab lus), tsis sib haum ntawm lawv tus kheej thiab tseem sib cais los ntawm theem nrab lossis cuam tshuam.
• Muaj kev sib koom siab, uas yog, nws cov khoom siv dag zog zoo tshaj qhov yooj yim ntawm cov ntawm nws cov khoom sib cais.
• Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv polyphase, xws li cov khoom siv hlau, uas nws muaj peev xwm hloov pauv theem tam sim no los ntawm kev hloov pauv cua sov (cua sov).
• Muaj tus neeg sawv cev txhawb ntxiv (theem ntxiv) thiab matrix (qib txhawb ntxiv).

Hom khoom siv sib xyaw

Cov hom khoom sib xyaw hauv qab no tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas tau:

• Kev Txhim Kho Cov Txheej Txheem Particle. Dispersed nyob rau hauv softer matrix thiab zas, cov khoom ntawm cov khoom nyuaj thiab nkig yog qhov ua tau zoo thiab tsis sib luag.
• Dispersion Hardened Composites. Lawv nthuav tawm cov khoom ntxiv ntawm qhov ntau me me, faib rau hauv lub hauv paus matrix.
• Fiber-reinforced composite cov ntaub ntawv. Cov ntaub ntawv no feem ntau muaj lub zog tiv taus lub zog hauv cov txheej txheem feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov yas uas ntim cov fibers, xa cov khoom thauj los ntawm cov tawg tawg mus rau qhov tsis huv thiab tau txais kev tshwj xeeb.
• Cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke. Ua los ntawm ob qho tib si yooj yim thiab sib xyaw cov ntaub ntawv, feem ntau yog laminar (qhaub cij) xws li cov uas siv hauv kev tsim kho, los ua ke cov khoom ntawm ob yam khoom siv hauv tib phab ntsa.

Nws tuaj yeem pab koj: Piv txwv ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Khoom Ntuj thiab Khoom Cuav

Piv txwv ntawm cov khoom siv sib xyaw

1. Cermet. Kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv hlau thiab hlau, lawv tau tsim los kom tiv taus qhov kub thiab tiv taus kev puas tsuaj, zoo li cov khoom siv hlau, tab sis txaus siab rau qhov tsis yooj yim ntawm cov hlau. Feem ntau cov matrix ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no yog hlau (npib tsib xee, molybdenum, cobalt) thiab theem txhawb nqa los ntawm carbohydrates refractories (oxides, albumin, borides) raug ntawm cov khoom siv ceramics. Qhov no tso cai rau kev tsim cov cuab yeej txiav uas ua kom nruj nrog cov hlau tsis muaj steel thiab muaj kev pab lub neej ntev dua., tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov kev txhim kho tshiab raws li titanium thiab cobalt.
2. Nacre. Nov yog qhov piv txwv ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom qub, tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm tib neeg. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj, dawb cov organic-inorganic tshuaj nrog iridescent reflections, uas tsim cov txheej sab hauv ntawm lub plhaub ntawm ntau mollusks, xws li niam ntawm hlaws. Qhov tseeb, cov tsiaj no tuaj yeem tso qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov calcium carbonate thiab biopolymers los kho lawv cov plhaub lossis suav nrog cov khoom tsis huv lossis cov kab mob microbial uas nkag mus rau nws, yog li ua rau nce pearls..
3. Plywood. Kuj hu ua multilaminate, plywood, plywood los yog plywood, Nws yog pawg thawj coj ntawm cov ntawv nyias nyias ntawm cov ntoo sib txuas ua ke nrog lawv cov fibers hauv qhov kev hloov pauv mus los, siv cov khoom siv hluavtaws cob, siab thiab cua sov.. Nws yog coated nrog sulfuric acid tom qab ua kom tsis muaj ntxhiab, uas muaj polymers thiab benzenes thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj txiaj ntsig hauv kev tsim kho.
4. Adobe. Cov cib uas tsis tau ua haujlwm raug hu ua li no, uas yog, txhaws rau kev tsim, ua los ntawm av nplaum thiab xuab zeb lossis lwm yam av nkos, sib tov nrog quav nyab thiab qhuav hauv lub hnub. Lawv tau siv txij li lub sijhawm puag thaum ub los ua cov phab ntsa thiab cov qauv tsim, feem ntau yog ua cov cib (duab plaub). Txawm tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws thermal insulator, adobe nqus dej ntau heev los ntawm capillarity, poob nws qhov tawv, yog li nws yuav tsum tau teeb tsa ntawm cov dej-tiv thaiv lub hauv paus ntawm pob zeb lossis, niaj hnub no, ua vaj tse.
5. Qhob. Kuj tseem hu ua "pob zeb", nws yog cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke feem ntau siv hauv kev tsim kho tib lub sijhawm. nws yog kev sib tshuam ntawm ntau yam tshuaj: xis mas, xuab zeb, pob zeb lossis pob zeb, thiab dej. Nrog rau qhov sib koom ua ke no, tau sib xyaw ua homogeneous uas tau teeb tsa thiab tawv hauv ob peb teev kom txog thaum tau txais cov pob zeb sib xws.. Feem ntau cov haujlwm tsim vaj tsev koom nrog kev siv pob zeb ua ke.
6. Oriented Strand Board. OSB npe (Oriented Strand Board ua lus Askiv), lawv yog ib hom pawg thawj coj ua lag luam, kev hloov pauv ntawm plywood, vim tias tsis txhob koom nrog ntau daim ntawv ntoo, nws tau ua tiav nrog ob peb txheej ntawm cov quav los yog cov ntoo ntoo txhua qhov taw qhia hauv tib txoj kev, yog li tau txais cov khoom sib xws los ntawm phenolic resins lossis polyurethane, formaldehyde lossis melamine. Feem ntau lwm cov tshuaj ntxiv kuj tseem suav nrog txhawm rau txhim kho kev tiv thaiv hluav taws, av noo lossis tshem tawm cov kab.
7. Pykrete. Cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke no tau ua nrog 14% sawdust lossis qee qhov lwm cov ntoo ntoo organic, hauv 86% cov dej khov. Nws lub npe los ntawm nws tus neeg tsim khoom, Geoffrey Pyke, uas tau thov nws mus rau Royal British Navy kom ua rau lub nkoj thauj khoom nyuaj. Pykrete muaj qhov nyuaj nyob ze rau kev ua vaj tse, qis qis qis thiab muaj zog tiv taus rau qhov nruj..
8. Iav yas ntxiv yas. Paub tias yog GFRP (Iav-Fiber Reinforced Yas Lus Askiv), Nws yog cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua cov yas lossis cov yas sib xyaw, ntxiv nrog iav fiber. Qhov tshwm sim yog qhov hnyav, muaj zog, yooj yim rau pwm cov khoom, feem ntau nrov hu ua "fiberglass.". Nws tau siv dav hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom, hauv kev lag luam nautical thiab kev sib txuas lus, ntxiv rau hauv kev tsim kho.
9. Asphalt qhob. Siv dav hauv kev paving txoj kev lossis txoj kev loj, asphalt qhob Nws suav nrog kev sib xyaw ntawm asphalt thiab cov ntxhia ua ke ntawm ntau yam, kom tau txais cov khaub ncaws zoo sib xws thiab bituminous uas, thaum thov kub, tawv thiab tsis muaj dej., tsim cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ua haujlwm pej xeem hauv nroog.
10. Pob txha. Lwm qhov piv txwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw hauv qhov yog pob txha, uas tau tsim hauv cov tsiaj siab dua los ntawm pob txha matrix txhawb nqa los ntawm collagen fibers, cov protein uas ua rau nws lub ntuj tiv taus, ua tsaug rau cov calcium uas nws cov qauv yog cov ntxhia. Qhov no ua rau nyuaj, nkig, tab sis cov khoom hnyav.